Pb and Pu in the Northeast Water Polynya, Greenland: particle dynamics and sediment mixing rates

Distributions of the radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb and ^239,240Pu in sediment cores from the Northeast Water Polynya, Greenland, showed that these nuclides reached depths of 5–15 cm by particle mixing and sediment accumulation. End-member average values of the particle mixing coefficient and sediment accumulation rate were 0.13 cm² y⁻¹ and 0.06 cm y⁻¹, obtained from the ²¹⁰Pb profiles by assuming that each process is dominant relative to the other. Both ²¹⁰Pb and ^239,240Pu were measured on four cores; using the Pu data to constrain mixing rates produced corrected sediment accumulation rates that were 20–80% of the values calculated by neglecting mixing. Organic carbon burial in the polynya sediments was ≤0.4 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹, based on measured POC values at depth in the sediments and sediment accumulation rates corrected for mixing. This value is about 1% of the independently measured POC flux leaving the euphotic zone and compares with benthic carbon remineralization rates of 7% calculated by others from O₂ uptake in the sediments.The inventories of excess ²¹⁰Pb in the sediments ranged from 6 to 28 dpm cm⁻². Relative to the atmospheric input of ²¹⁰Pb and in situ production from decay of ²²⁶Ra, approximately 5 dpm cm⁻² of ²¹⁰Pb was being removed from the water column. The difference between the removal from the water column and sediment inventories suggests a net import of ²¹⁰Pb to the polynya. This may occur by input of dissolved ²¹⁰Pb from offshore waters or by input of ²¹⁰Pb carried by sea ice. Particulate matter in land-derived fast ice adjacent to the polynya contained 330 ± 14 dpm of excess ²¹⁰Pb g⁻¹. If particles transported in sea ice are comparable to those extracted from fast ice, then sea ice transport into the polynya followed by melting may be an important source of excess ²¹⁰Pb to the area. Fast ice also may contribute ²¹⁰Pb if portions break off and melt within the polynya, as occurred in 1993.     

Acceleration noise and level of service of urban roads - A case study

Capacity measurement of roads under mixed traffic conditions as prevailing in India is ambiguous as it varies with time, composition of traffic and roadway encroachments. High incidence of slow moving vehicles and tricycles adds to the problem. Volume - capacity ratio appears to be an inadequate measure of defining level of service under mixed traffic situations. An attempt is made in this paper to explore the possibility of presenting unconventional parameters like standard deviation of speed, co-efficient of variation of speed and acceleration noise as possible measures of level of service. Tentative ranges of acceleration noise are proposed in association with flow and speed to explain level of service of urban roads catering to mixed traffic. The results are based on a study conducted in Madras, a major metropolitan city of India.     

Effect of capacity concentration on highway corridor performance

This paper investigates, through use of analytical models, the effects of capacity concentration on highway corridor performance. It concludes that when highways operate at a fixed total capacity, decreasing the highway spacing can increase the average travel time because highways will become more congested. When highways operate below capacity, decreasing the spacing is usually beneficial as it tends to reduce trip length when accessing highways, and allows a greater percentage of travel to be completed on highways instead of arterials.     

Subsidy and public transit performance: A factor analytic approach

The need to measure and evaluate transit system performance has led to the development of numerous performance indicators. However, depending upon the indicator, we oftentimes reach different conclusions regarding transit system performance. The research reported in this paper uses factor analytic methods to generate a set of underlying attributes (factors) that capture the performance of public transit systems in Indiana. Similar to what is reported in the literature, this study finds three attributes that best describe transit system performance: efficiency, effectiveness, and overall performance. Based upon systemsÕ factor scores, the study finds that systems scoring highly on one attribute generally perform well on the remaining attributes. Further, there is an inverse relationship between system performance and subsidies, a finding that supports performance based subsidy allocations.     

大秦线运煤敞车车体情况调查及分析

针对我国铁路运煤敞车现状,以大秦线在用各种类型运煤敞车为试点,开展运煤敞车车体情况调查及分析,重点调查分析了铝合金、耐候钢和铁素体不锈钢材料车体的腐蚀、磨损情况,保护涂料现状,异种材料焊接部位的裂纹、腐蚀情况,材料的疲劳寿命和表面涂装问题,得出分析结论:目前使用的耐候钢材料其耐腐蚀性能不能满足车辆设计寿命的要求,铁素体不锈钢在耐腐蚀性能上明显优于耐候钢。建议对TCS不锈钢材料进行运用条件下的大气暴晒试验,C70B车体外表面油漆使用新的长效防护涂装体系,对有裂纹的车辆进行解剖、研究,以确定裂纹产生的原因、扩展方式和速度。     

澳大利亚绩效审计的经验及借鉴

20世纪70年代以来,绩效审计已经成为大部分国家政府审计的主流,在发达国家绩效审计已经占到审计工作总量的2/3。而我国由于起步较晚,国家审计工作目前仍以传统的财务审计为主,绩效审计处于试验和探索阶段。本文介绍了澳大利亚绩效审计的主要经验,结合我国国情,对我国绩效审计工作实践提出几点意见和建议。     

板式轨道弹性垫层CA砂浆的研究

研究了板式轨道弹性垫层CA砂浆的基本配合比,分析了CA砂浆的流动度、含气量等性能影响因素,开发出适合板式轨道施工的CA砂浆垫层,对其性能进行了对比测试。结果表明,此种CA砂浆垫层具有早期强度高、不泌水、不分层,抗冻融性及耐候性能优异等特点,完全能用于板式轨道的施工。     

TPM在施工机械管理中的运用

简要介绍TPM(全面生产维修活动)的含义、中心思想及主要方法,具体以泰莱一级公路施工中采用TPM法管理施工设备为实例,说明TPM法在施工机械管理中的运用。     

扶壁码头船撞损坏鉴定与修复方案

某扶壁码头被船碰撞后损坏严重。在对码头水下部位进行探摸以及对水上部位调查与检测的基础上,分类评价码头各受损部位的损坏程度,提出码头主体结构修复方案,结果可作为码头修复和事故赔偿的依据。