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71.
Timon H. Stasko H. Oliver Gao 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2010,15(5):254-262
Bus transit is often promoted as a green form of transportation, but surprisingly little research has been done on how to run transit systems in a green manner. Both vehicle task assignment and purchase models are generally constructed to minimize financial costs. Integrating vehicle task assignment with purchase decisions is made challenging by the different time scales involved. An integer programming approach is used to combine vehicle purchase, retrofit and aggregated task assignment decisions. The formulation is designed to operate in sequence with traditional vehicle task assignment models, to add emissions and long term financial cost elements to the objective, while maintaining computational tractability and feasible input data requirements. In a case study, a transit agency saves money in the long term by using stimulus money to buy CNG infrastructure instead of purchasing only new buses. Carbon prices up to $400/(ton CO2 equivalent) do not change vehicle purchase decisions, but higher carbon prices can cause more diesel hybrid purchases, at a high marginal cost. Although the motivation and numerical case study are from the US transit industry, the model is formulated to be widely applicable to green fleet management in multiple contexts. 相似文献
72.
Ship, port and supply chain security concepts interlinking maritime with hinterland transport chains
Eberhard Blümel Wando Boevé Valerio Recagno Gerhard Schilk 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2008,7(1):205-225
As maritime processes do no stop at sea ports, hinterland operations have to be considered and addressed as well. This becomes
obviously on designing and managing seamless cargo and information flows from/to hinterland regions via sea ports from/to
transcontinental markets. Nowadays, also security-related aspects need to be tackled in order to enable continuous flows corresponding
to security legislations and technical requirements set up in the field of maritime and intermodal hinterland transport. Ensuring
transport security within the European transport market requires both adequate security legislations and innovative concepts.
While for the maritime sector, including sea ports, security regulations are already in force, hinterland operations (road,
rail and Inland Waterway Transport) are only indirectly affected today, either on carrying out transports from/to sea ports
or exporting commodities to overseas territories. This results in the need for innovative security strategies and concepts
combining maritime with hinterland transport enabling seamless security processes. 相似文献
73.
Shin Hyung Rhee Boris P. Makarov H. Krishinan Vladimir Ivanov 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2005,10(4):173-180
This study was concerned with the free-surface wave flow around a surface-piercing foil. The volume of fluid method implemented
in a Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics code was employed. Three widely used discretization schemes for the volume
of fluid method were assessed for a test case that involved general ship waves, spilling breaking waves in front of the leading
edge, and bubbly free surfaces in separated regions. A single computational approach was selected for the comparison, and
a grid-dependence study was carried out. The computational results were validated against existing experimental data, showing
good agreement. The validation results suggest that all three discretization schemes perform well, but the best and most efficient
results were obtained using the high-resolution interface capturing scheme. 相似文献
74.
在对德国大众汽车公司生产的高尔夫A3型轿车行李箱盖的使用材料性能进行实验研究的基础上,建立了三维数学模型,利用I-deas工程软件对其有限元计算,并通过实地结果进行验证,最后提出了高尔A3车行李箱盖的优化方案。 相似文献
75.
This paper presents the joint optimization of signal setting parameters and dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) traffic assignment for the congested urban road network. The simulation-based approach is employed to obtain the DUE condition for the case of multiple-origin multiple-destination traffic flows. The dynamic traffic assignment simulation program (DTASP), developed in C language is used to assign the traffic dynamically on the road network, whereas method of successive averages (MSA) is modified and used to arrive at the DUE condition. The artificial intelligence technique of genetic algorithms (GAs) is applied to obtain the optimal signal setting parameters and path flow distribution factor for DUE condition. The methodology developed in such a way that joint optimization of signal setting parameters with DUE is obtained. The proposed method is applied to the real network data of Fort Area of Mumbai city comprising of 17 nodes and 56 unidirectional links with 72 Origin–Destination pairs, where all the 17 nodes are signalized intersections. The traffic flow condition for the optimized signal setting parameters is considerably improved compared to the existing signal settings. The results prove that the GA is an effective technique to solve the joint optimization problem for the real network data. 相似文献
76.
Development of hot stamped center pillar using form die with channel type indirect blank holder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. S. Choi B. M. Kim K. J. Nam S. Y. Ha S. H. Cha C. G. Kang 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(6):887-894
The hot stamping process has been used in the automotive industry to reduce the weight of the body-in-white and to increase
passenger safety via improved crashworthiness. However, defects such as fracture and wrinkle occur when hot stamping is performed
using a conventional drawing or forming method. In this study, a channel-type indirect blank holder (CIBH) is proposed to
develop a high-strength center pillar in form-type hot stamping, so that the aforementioned drawbacks are overcome. This type
of blank holder plays an important role in reducing severe wrinkling at the flange; such wrinkling leads to folding after
the completion of form-type hot-stamping. First, we investigated the effect of the channel shape on the indirect blank holding
force by using a simplified two-dimensional plane-strain stamping process. Second, we selected the slope angle and corner
radius of the channel as the main shape parameters by finite element analysis and artificial neural network (ANN). It is known
that fracture at the hot formed wall and wrinkle at the flange are significantly affected by the slope angle of the channel,
and the appropriate value for eliminating fracture and wrinkle is determined to be 99°. By performing hot stamping using a
form die with the selected channel, we can manufacture a high-strength center pillar without wrinkle and fracture. 相似文献
77.
In this paper, the dynamic response of a scale model of a jacket offshore structure is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The experiments were conducted both in air and in water. The in-water experiments were done in the towing tank of Memorial University to simulate the realistic operating conditions. The model was subjected to random wave loads. Froude's law of modeling was used to obtain the dimensions of the scale model based on the dimensions of an existing structure. The effects of varying the structure's weight, and the characteristics of the wave loading were investigated. The structure's weight was changed by adding weights to the structure's deck. A finite element model was designed to determine the dynamic response of the model. Excellent agreement between the experimental and theoretical results was obtained.The reaction force at the foundation was estimated from strain measurements and compared with the finite element calculations. Fair agreement was obtained.This work is the first stage of a project whose objective is to develop a method for structural damage detection using the free vibration response of the structure. The free vibration response will be obtained from the stationary random response of the structure using the random decrement method. Having an accurate model to describe the dynamic response of the structure is the first step in this study. 相似文献
78.
Dongjoo Park Laurence R. Rilett Byron J. Gajewski Clifford H. Spiegelman Changho Choi 《Transportation》2009,36(1):77-95
With the recent increase in the deployment of ITS technologies in urban areas throughout the world, traffic management centers
have the ability to obtain and archive large amounts of data on the traffic system. These data can be used to estimate current
conditions and predict future conditions on the roadway network. A general solution methodology for identifying the optimal
aggregation interval sizes for four scenarios is proposed in this article: (1) link travel time estimation, (2) corridor/route
travel time estimation, (3) link travel time forecasting, and (4) corridor/route travel time forecasting. The methodology
explicitly considers traffic dynamics and frequency of observations. A formulation based on mean square error (MSE) is developed
for each of the scenarios and interpreted from a traffic flow perspective. The methodology for estimating the optimal aggregation
size is based on (1) the tradeoff between the estimated mean square error of prediction and the variance of the predictor,
(2) the differences between estimation and forecasting, and (3) the direct consideration of the correlation between link travel
time for corridor/route estimation and forecasting. The proposed methods are demonstrated using travel time data from Houston,
Texas, that were collected as part of the automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system of the Houston Transtar system. It
was found that the optimal aggregation size is a function of the application and traffic condition.
相似文献
Changho ChoiEmail: |
79.
H.T. LIN 《西南交通大学学报(英文版)》2012,20(2):70-75
Vortex motion in superconductors of higb-Tc superconducting maglev system is studied by a computational simulation.The vortex system is treated in a similar fashion,as a system where defects arc arrang... 相似文献
80.
The maximum principal stresses, von Mises effective stresses and principal facet stresses at the time of creep rupture were
compared in uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial stress states for AZ31 magnesium alloy. The creep rupture of this alloy was experimentally
controlled by cavitation, which was the result of a low damage tolerance, λ. Creep deformation could be correlated with the von Mises effective stress parameter. The failure-mechanism control parameter
governing the stress state coincided with the experimental results of the rupture of the materials under multiaxial stress
states. Finally, the theoretical prediction based on constrained cavity growth and continuous nucleation agreed with the experimental
rupture data to within a factor of three. 相似文献