Planning for cycling in the dispersed city: establishing a hierarchy of effectiveness of municipal cycling policies

Transportation - Urban utility cycling is being promoted widely due to various health, social, economic and environmental benefits. This study seeks to identify and rank which municipal-level...     

Force Generation in Semi-Active Suspensions Using Modulated Dissipative Elements

Large control forces in vehicle suspension systems or other vibration control systems may often be generated effectively by modulating the dissipation characteristics of an element using only modest control power. Most of the systems proposed in the past have involved hydraulic dampers, but a variety of other resistive elements can also be used. What is required is an efficient transducer from mechanical power to another form of power and a means to modulate a generalized resistor in the energy domain in question. Using bond graphs, it is shown that designs in the hydraulic domain can be transferred to other domains with possible benefits in certain cases.     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS IN HUMAN KIDNEY WITH ULTRASONIC BACKSCATTERING

Theimagingofthemeanspacingofthescatter ersofbiologicalsofttissuesshowseveryindication ofbecominganeffectivemeanstodeterminethe characterizationofultrasonictissuesandclinical pathologicaldiagnosis.Uptonowtherearequitea fewmeansintroducedfortheestimationof…     

The influence of suspension components friction on race car vertical dynamics

This work analyses the effect of friction in suspension components on a race car vertical dynamics. It is a matter of fact that race cars aim at maximising their performance, focusing the attention mostly on aerodynamics and suspension tuning: suspension vertical and rolling stiffness and damping are parameters to be taken into account for an optimal setup. Furthermore, friction in suspension components must not be ignored. After a test session carried out with a F4 on a Four Poster rig, friction was detected on the front suspension. The real data gathered allow the validation of an analytical model with friction, confirming that its influence is relevant for low frequency values closed to the car pitch natural frequency. Finally, some setup proposals are presented to describe what should be done on actual race cars in order to correct vehicle behaviour when friction occurs.     

Integrating land use and transport knowledge in strategy-making

There is broad and growing consensus regarding the central place of integrated Land Use and Transport (LUT) strategy development in establishing more efficient and sustainable urban environments. However, empirical evidence shows that such integration is hard to achieve in daily planning practice, due to many institutional barriers and substantive differences. More specifically, the tools developed to support LUT strategy development have very low implementation rates in daily planning practice. This paper introduces the concept of ‘knowledge generation’ as a potentially useful mechanism for closing the gap between support tools and planning practice. Through two specific Dutch planning cases, we analyze the applicability of this concept in supporting integrated LUT strategy development. The paper focuses on the developed strategies, how these differ from current practice, and how knowledge generation supported their development. We argue that socialization produces shared strategies and that effective socialization needs to be supported by efficient mutual exchange between tacit and explicit knowledge. We conclude by discussing the implications of this argument for the wider practice of LUT planning integration.     

混沌映射的保密性能分析

通过实例说明两个具有拓扑共轭关系的混沌映射具有相同的Lyapunov指数.指出了仅仅使用Lyapunov指数作为混沌映射的密码学特性描述,具有一定的局限性.并利用混沌序列的伪随机特性,通过计算映射的自相关函数、互相关函数等随机数值特性,结合Lyapunov指数,分析了混沌序列的保密性能.     

Scaling up cycling or replacing driving? Triggers and trajectories of bike–train uptake in the Randstad area

Transportation - The combined use of the bicycle and the train in the Netherlands has risen steadily over the past decade. However, little is yet known about the underlying processes driving the...     

基于SVD-UKF的车用锂离子动力电池传感器故障诊断研究

针对传感器故障诊断问题,提出通过分析模型预测电压与传感器观测电压的残差来诊断传感器是否发生故障的方法。使用无迹卡尔曼滤波 （Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF） 算法估计电池的端电压,并提出使用奇异值分解（Singular Value Decomposition,SVD） 代替平方根法分解,以解决协方差矩阵非正定导致的算法无法正常运行的问题。提出使用累积和 （Cumulative Sum,CUSUM） 法对残差进行分析,通过监测 CUSUM 的变化来判断传感器是否发生故障。以动应力测试 （Dynamic Stress Test,DST） 工况作为验证工况,用 3类常见的传感器故障对提出的方法进行验证。 结果表明,提出的传感器故障检测方法在一些微小故障的检测中,相比于传统的设定残差阈值的方法更灵敏,能更快检测出微小的数据偏移情况。     

自由曲面上喷涂机器人喷枪轨迹规划方法研究

提出了一种自由曲面上的涂层生长模型及喷涂机器人喷枪轨迹规划方法,选取时间和涂层厚度作为优化目标,寻找喷枪沿指定路径的最优时间序列,通过求解带约束条件的多目标优化问题,找到了一条能使工件表面上涂层厚度方差最小且喷涂时间最短的喷枪轨迹。本文的优化方法将最优变量个数从一般喷枪轨迹规划问题中的6个(代表喷枪的位姿)减少为1个,从而大大简化了问题的复杂性。     

Travel mode attitudes,urban context,and demographics: do they interact differently for bicycle commuting and cycling for other purposes?

This study examined whether interactions between travel mode attitudes, urbanization level, and socio-demographics were different for bicycle commuting and cycling for other purposes. Data were obtained from the 2014 wave of the Netherlands mobility panel (MPN). In total, 2673 respondents (18?+?years) who had recorded at least one trip on the days covered by the survey were included in the sample. Four outcomes were constructed, two of which concerned commuting-related cycling: any commuting-related bicycle usage (yes vs. no) and average cycling duration (in hours per weekday). Likewise, two similar outcome variables concerning cycling for other proposes were constructed. These outcomes were analyzed by means of Tobit regression models (cycling duration) and binary logistic models (any bicycle usage). Attitudinal factors concerning different travel modes, namely bus, car, cycling, and train, were constructed by means of factor analysis. The results showed that a positive attitude toward cycling was positively related to bicycle commuting duration, but this association was less strong among those with a positive attitude toward bus use. Having a positive cycling attitude had a weaker association with both bicycle commuting usage and duration in those who do not always have a car available. Regarding cycling for other purposes, cycling attitude had a stronger positive association with cycling duration among residents of very highly urbanized area, compared to residents of less urbanized areas. The available evidence, though limited, suggests that targeting attitudes can have a measurable impact on bicycling, but not to the same extend among all people.