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131.
A time-use investigation of shopping participation in three Canadian cities: is there evidence of social exclusion? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Steven Farber Antonio Páez Ruben G. Mercado Matthew Roorda Catherine Morency 《Transportation》2011,38(1):17-44
Increasing awareness and concern about the status of mobility-disadvantaged groups in society has given rise to a wide body
of research that focuses on the social exclusion dimension of transportation. To date, much of the empirical work on this
topic is mainly spatial in nature despite recent developments that call for the inclusion of time use analyses in social exclusion
research. In this paper we attempt to fill this gap by estimating activity and trip durations to determine whether poverty,
old age, or being a single parent results in time use patterns indicative of exclusion. Given the importance of shopping and
using services for social inclusion objectives, these activities are the focus of this investigation. In terms of methods,
use of a multiple equation approach allows for the estimation of the daily duration of shopping activities and trips while
simultaneously controlling for daily durations of four broad categories of activities as well as their associated travel times.
The results indicate: that being a senior citizen increases travel durations while decreasing shopping activity durations;
that coming from a low income household decreases shopping activity durations; and single-parent status does not impact shopping
activity durations when holding income and other activity durations constant. These results highlight the feasibility and
challenges of time-use and activity analysis in social exclusion research. 相似文献
132.
Rosário Macário 《Research in Transportation Economics》2010,30(1):145-154
In this paper we report the conclusion of a research project dedicated to pricing regimes in public-private partnership contracts for the provision of transport infrastructure (Macário et al., 2009). Several elements have been brought to the bulk of knowledge that supports the design and implementation of public-private partnership in the transport sector. These developments have been achieved in the following domain:
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- Understand difficulties of price setting within the PPP environment, given the potential conflict of interest among the different parties engaged, go beyond the discussion of first best versus second-best price setting mechanisms.
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- Understand the role of government and regulators in the performance of a PPP.
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- Translate the issue of asymmetries of information between parties into a risk taking language.
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- Devise alternative contractual designs that will enable competitive price setting.
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- Understand that a structural element is missing to conciliate the views of the different stakeholders over a PPP: a bridge between infrastructure costs and charges.
133.
Alleviating the disability challenges experienced by people with impairments is increasingly seen as an important step towards
building more inclusive societies. The very definition of disability has evolved to shift the burden from people with impairments
to perform at “normal” competency levels and towards a fuller recognition of the ways that society can either build or tear
down barriers that hinder their full participation in society. The objective of this paper is to investigate the factors that
act as facilitators or barriers to participation by people with impairments. Specifically, the study is conducted within the
context of employment status and commute distance, two outcomes indicative of the ability of individuals with impairments
to engage society. Analysis is based on Canada’s 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey, a post-censal survey that
collects information on various aspects of disabilities for a representative sample of Canadian society. The results, based
on a probit model for employment status and a regression model for commute distance, provide insights into the personal, economic,
and living space factors that affect the probability of being employed and traveling longer distances. 相似文献
134.
In the last decade, significant research efforts and technology have been dedicated to the development of microsimulation tools for a better representation of traffic systems. As a result, several commercial packages appeared and they are used nowadays in the detailed modelling of different transportation systems and operations for specific project evaluations and local designs, mostly within the urban context. After reviewing the specialized literature, we realized that most of these microsimulation tools are oriented to the movement of cars, leaving the public transportation systems as a complement, just for a realistic representation of the transportation system as a whole, but always oriented to simulate cars. In this paper, the objective is to provide guidelines on how to incorporate the necessary entities and components for a proper simulation of public transport systems in a microsimulation environment. Thus, the different approaches to simulate transit systems at a microlevel are discussed, highlighting the necessity of including stops, passengers and transit vehicles explicitly as entities within the microsimulation environment, for modelling transfer operations, control strategies, etc. Several examples are then provided to quantify the impact of such representations, for different cases and potential simulation platforms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献