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961.
Stanley B. Gershwin David M. Orlicki 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》1984,18(6):441-458
A new assignment principle for traveler behavior in an urban network is described which is based on empirical findings in the theory of travel budgets. It characterizes the distribution of travelers, demand, and modal split. It treats all travel decisions (whether to travel, where to go, how to get there) and the important costs (time and money) in a single, unified way. A numerical technique is proposed and it is applied to several examples to illustrate qualitative features. 相似文献
962.
В.И.ПАНФЕРОВ 《国外铁道车辆》2001,38(5):40-42
目前对压缩式制冷设备使用的破坏臭氧层的R12类制冷剂已限期停止使用.R12的代用品都有一定的缺陷.本文介绍一种比较理想的新型制冷剂,既避免了代用品的缺陷,又具有省电的功能,现已成功地应用于铁路机械冷藏车和客车空调上. 相似文献
963.
A number of estimation procedures have been suggested for the situation where a prior estimate of an origin-destination matrix is to be updated on the basis of recently-acquired traffic counts. These procedures assume that both the link flows and the proportionate usage of each link made by each origin-destination flow (referred to collectively as the link choice proportions) are known. This paper examines the possibility and methods for estimating the link choice proportions. Three methods are presented: (1) using ad hoc iteration between trip distribution and traffic assignment; (2) combining trip distribution and assignment in one step; (3) solving a new optimization problem in which the path flows are directly considered as variables and its optimal solution is governed by a logit type formula. The algorithms, covergencies and computational efficiencies of these methods are investigated. Results of testing the three methods on example networks are discussed. 相似文献
964.
Characteristics of Guided-Steering Railway Trucks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R. E. Smith R. J. Anderson 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1988,17(1):1-36
The dynamic characteristics of guided-steering railway trucks are described both in a general sense and in terms of a specific design. Stability margins and curving performance have been predicted and are compared for both conventional and steered vehicles. It is shown that guided-steering trucks exhibit modes of instability which, although surmountable by proper design, are not found in conventional trucks. In particular, a low conicity, divergent, leading truck instability is described together with a companion high conicity, divergent trailing truck instability. Curving and dynamic performance for steered vehicles is shown to have the potential of being far superior to that of comparable conventional vehicles. Factors influencing the design of steered rail vehicles are presented and discussed. 相似文献
965.
To plan new bus routes in suburban areas, expected bus running times on these routes are needed. Using most readily available relevant variables, a regression model is developed for estimating bus running times. The model is conceptually reasonable and it was tested using data other than that used for estimation. 相似文献
966.
Wayne K. Talley 《Maritime Policy and Management》1988,15(4):327-331
The performance of marine terminals has generally been evaluated by comparing their actual throughputs with their optimum throughputs. The engineering approach that generally has been used to determine optimum throughputs may be appropriate when terminals have natural hinterlands. In a deregulated (competitive) environment in which the natural hinterlands of marine terminals have become diffused, the economic approach for determining optimum throughputs should be condiered. In such an environment, marine terminals are not only concerned with whether they can handle a given amount of cargo but also whether they can compete for such cargo. 相似文献
967.
乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的基因组为一松弛环状、部分双链的DNA(RC-DNA)。在其负链的5'与3'端之间存在一缺口。当HBV进入宿主细胞后,基因组转变为共价闭合环状DNA(CCC-DNA)。我们根据HBVRC-和CCC-DNA的结构特点,设计了PCR区别RC-和CCC-DNA。实验表明,该方法可有效地区别两种形式的HBVDNA。 相似文献
968.
Julian Benjamin Ph.D. 《先进运输杂志》1984,18(3):229-243
There has been increasing attention placed on decomposition techniques such as conjoint measurement and trade-off analysis. Existing algorithms for both approaches use non-linear estimation techniques. In this paper, a linear integration rule is proposed along with a linear programming algorithm which is used to estimate part-utilities by minimizing the sum of the absolute deviations subject to monotonicity constraints. The algorithm was tested on simulated data and empirically. It was found that the algorithm performed well, especially when data are consistent with initial assumptions. 相似文献
969.
H. Malchow 《Journal of Marine Systems》1996,7(2-4)
Nonlinear interactions, diffusion, transport and locomotion of species are described by a system of reaction-diffusion-advection equations. Its transient and stationary nonequilibrium solutions in space and time are considered as patchy patterns in natural chemical or biological communities. Recent results on the general mechanism of spatial pattern formation after flux-induced instabilities of a spatially uniform species distribution as well as on the effect of hydrodynamic forcing on spatial patterns in a minimal plankton model are summarized. 相似文献
970.
实验用神经内微记录和微刺激相结合的方法,对人体桡神经浅支支配的有毛皮肤所属机械感受性单位的特征和诱发感觉的性质进行了观察。在47个感觉单位中,SA单位占74.5%,其中SAⅠ61.7%,SAⅡ12.8%,RA单位占25.5%,没有发现毛囊单位和PC单位。SA单位的平均机械阈值高于RA单位,RA和SAⅠ单位的感受野明显小于SAⅡ单位。神经内微刺激诱发感觉的性质取决于所兴奋单位的类型,RA单位产生间断的跳动感,SAⅠ单位产生持续的压感;而SAⅡ单位在单独兴奋时不产生特定的感觉。结果提示:人体桡神经浅支支配的有毛皮肤机械感受性单位的特征与无毛皮肤没有明显差别。 相似文献