超微碳粒胶体在铅电池等二次电池中应用

1 前言 据统计，1998年世界电池工业的市场规模总额达到320亿美元。其中将近一半是铅电池。铅电池广泛应用于乘用车、载货车、大客车、叉车等工程车辆上。 又据预测，随着世界汽车保有量不断增加，特别是占世界人口的85％的发展中国家也将跨入汽车普及化时代，到2025年铅电池的使用量将增长到目前的10倍，世界铅电池工业的产值将突破约1666亿美元。……     

车用乙醇汽油中清净剂的检测方法研究

为了能即经济又快捷的检测车用乙醇汽油中的清净剂。车用乙醇汽油加清净剂和未加清净剂的可淋洗胶质检验,可以用来判定车用乙醇汽油中是否加入了清净剂及加入的清净剂是否具有清除发动机进气系统沉积物的效果。这为车用乙醇汽油清净剂的推广使用提供了技术支撑,也为监督执法提供了有力保障。     

戊四氮点燃癫痫大鼠海马Cx32和Cx43表达及甘珀酸对其表达的影响

目的探讨点燃癫痫大鼠神经元、星形胶质细胞及其缝隙蛋白的变化,甘珀酸(CBX)对缝隙连接的影响。方法 30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组:对照组(NS组)、点燃组(K组)、点燃后干预组(KCBX组),每组10只大鼠。NS组每日腹腔注射生理盐水。K组和KCBX组大鼠腹腔注射戊四氮(PTZ)[35mg/(kg.d)]至点燃,再分别腹腔注射生理盐水、CBX(10mg/kg)干预3d。观察3组大鼠惊厥行为变化,并观察Cx32、Cx43在海马内的表达变化。结果①PTZ点燃癫痫大鼠出现自发性抽搐,KCBX组自发性抽搐次数明显减少(P<0.05)。②点燃癫痫大鼠海马Cx32、Cx43的表达增加;CBX干预后,Cx32、Cx43的表达减少(P<0.05)。结论 CBX抑制点燃大鼠Cx32、Cx43的表达和癫痫活动,提示缝隙连接在癫癎的发生发展过程中具有重要的作用。     

An experimental study of pioglitazone in treating vascular dementia

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of different doses of pioglitazone, a kind of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, on vascular dementia and explore how pioglitazone affects cerebral ischemia. Methods Modified Pulsinelli's vessel ligation was used to establish a vascular dementia model in rats. Recognition, learning and memory were evaluated by Morris's water maze test. Immunoenzyme staining was used to determine the number of nerve cells. Immunofluorescence double-staining was used to examine the expression of PPARγ/nerve cells and PPARγ/astrocytes in different groups. Results Both in pioglitazone groups and sham-operation group, the latency was reduced significantly compared to that in control group (P<0.01). Sham-operation group had the largest number of neurons in the cortex, followed by low-dose pioglitazone group and high-dose pioglitazone group, and control group came last. Compared with control group, pioglitazone groups had more PPARγ expression in nerve cells, and the fluorescence intensity of PPARγ was stronger. Conclusion Pioglitazone can induce the expression of PPARγ in neuron endochylema and astrocyte endochylema to protect nerve cells, and then to improve spatial learning and memory function in VD rats.     

Glutamate enhances the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in cultured SD rat astrocytes

Objective To study the effect of glutamate on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein in cultured rat astrocytes. Methods Cultured rat astrocytes were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group (C), glutamate group (G), QA group (Q), DCG-IV group (D), L-AP4 group (L) and glutanmte-FMCPG gronp (G+M). Cells were cultured under nomoxic condition (95% air, 5% CO2). RT-PCR and ELISA methods were used to detect the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in cultured astrocytes, respectively. G+ M group was preincubated with lmM MCPG for 30 min prior to the stimulation with glutamate. There were 7 time points at 0,4,8,12,16,24 and 48 h in each group except G+M group. Results The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein did not differ significantly among D group, L group and C group. Different from that in C group, the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein could be enhanced both in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in G group and Q group. Meanwhile, the enhanced expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in G group was completely suppressed by MCPG after 24 h. Conclusion Glutamate can increase the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in cultured astrocytes, which may be due to the activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in astrocytes.     

不要忽视这些小毛病

现象一：车辆加速“坐车”,油耗增加;冷起动不顺畅,甚至冷起动困难。 原因：这种故障原因比较多,长途行驶后出现这种问题很可能是所使用的油品有问题。现在加油站的油质量量参差不齐,如果汽油存放时间较长,或者汽油质量本身就有问题,会使汽油中胶质含量过多。车辆使用这种汽油后,进气门周围会产生大量胶质,使进气门运动不畅,严重的会使进气门在冷车时运动卡滞,发动机不容易起动。     

怎样检验轮胎的暗伤

凭观察检查暗伤胎冠磨耗粗糙或不够均匀,但胶质不现"浮肿",并且胎肩棱角线条清晰,除磨耗粗糙部位下的缓冲层可能折断外,不会发粘或脱空;大花胎磨耗粗糙,胎肩棱角线模糊,除有前项相同的暗伤外,其花纹棱下有存在发粘或脱空小点的可能;胎冠两缘磨耗少于中央部位,胶质略"浮肿",     

米诺环素治疗外周神经损伤所致神经病理性痛的时间窗

目的探讨米诺环素治疗外周神经损伤所致的神经病理性痛的作用机制及其时间窗。方法通过行为药理学方法证实鞘内注射米诺环素对大鼠脊神经结扎(spinal nerve ligation,SNL)所导致的神经病理性痛的镇痛作用以及其作用时间窗,并通过免疫荧光化学方法观察脊髓背角小胶质细胞的活化变化。结果脊神经结扎后盐水对照组动物出现明显的神经病理性痛,同时形态学结果显示脊髓背角小胶质细胞明显活化;脊神经结扎术后1、3、7d鞘内注射米诺环素,与盐水组对比可有效减轻神经病理性痛,同时可以抑制脊髓背角小胶质细胞的活化;脊神经结扎后10、21d鞘内注射米诺环素,与盐水组比较虽能够抑制小胶质细胞的活化,但却不能缓解神经病理性痛。假手术组无论是鞘内给予米诺环素还是生理盐水都不影响动物的痛行为学变化以及脊髓背角的形态学变化。结论鞘内注射米诺环素可以通过抑制脊髓背角小胶质细胞活化治疗外周神经损伤所致的神经病理性痛,其治疗时间窗为神经病理性痛发生的早期。     

D-500发动机免拆洗清洗机功能扩展

<正>汽车是我们日常生活和工作中不可缺少的交通、运输工具,在使用一段时间后要对其进行保养、维护。发动机是车辆的心脏,发动机的使用和保养会直接影响车辆性能。发动机在使用一段时间后,燃烧室会产生积碳,发动机燃油系统的积碳和胶质沉淀物对发动机的效率和性能极为有害。理想状态