PDM在客车制造企业的应用规划

PDM（产品数据管理）技术在制造业中的应用正在迅速普及。本文结合为武汉客车厂开发PDM的实际经验。阐述客车制造企业开发PDM的规划。     

论我国城市客车工况循环标准修改的重要性

介绍国内外城市客车工况循环的现状.通过分析指出,我国现有的城市客车四工况循环已不能满足城市客车与电动客车研发的需要,并针对此标准提出修改建议.     

神经网络在客车车身造型美学评价中的应用研究

提出基于人工神经网络（ANN）对客车车身造型进行美学评价的计算机辅助方法,阐述了用于“准三维”造型评价的BP网络结构以及造型特征提取技术。初步创建了智能化客车造型美学评价软件,并将其应用到实际客车造型评价中,使用效果良好。     

基于控制器局域网总线的微机化站间闭塞系统

随着计算机技术及现代通信技术的发展,研究用现代技术改造现有的继电半自动闭塞成为可能.分析了以CAN总线控制技术和容错技术为基础构成微机化站问闭塞系统的可行性,并提出了实施方案.     

Comparing operator and users costs of light rail, heavy rail and bus rapid transit over a radial public transport network

A model to compare three alternative forms of public transport - light rail, heavy rail and bus rapid transit - is developed for an urban network with radial lines emanating from the borders to the city centre. The theoretical framework assumes an operation aimed at minimising the total cost associated with public transport service provision, which encompasses both operator and users costs. The decision variables are the number of lines (network density) and the frequency per period for each mode. This approach has no prejudices a priori in respect of whether a specified delivery scenario is aligned with existing modal reputation. Rather, we establish the conditions under which a specific transit mode should be preferred to another in terms of the operator (supply) and user (demand) side offerings. The model is applied using data from Australian cities, suggesting that in most of the scenarios analysed a high standard bus service is the most cost-effective mode, because it provides lower operator costs (infrastructure, rolling stock and operating cost), access time costs (due to a larger number of lines) and waiting time cost (due to larger frequencies of operation). A rail mode, such as light rail or heavy rail, may have a lower total cost only if it is able to run faster than bus rapid transit, and the difference in speed is enough to outweigh the bus advantage on operator cost and access and waiting times.     

On incentives and optimal effort to improve bus transit performance

ABSTRACT

This paper studies incentive-based subsidy to transit systems to improve performance. It derives a formula for optimal effort that equalizes marginal cost and marginal benefit and derives some principles from it among which is that the larger the value of a transit system’s performance criterion the larger the effort it will exert to improve it. Next, using a constrained cost minimization approach it derives a nonlinear cost function that includes optimal effort and estimates it using an unbalanced panel data of single mode U.S. bus transit systems. The results show that optimal effort is the equivalent of seven full-time employees (15,243 labor hours) per year and in real terms it results in 0.6% cost saving (US$198,331) and US$836,796 in incentive subsidy per observation. The implications of these findings are examined.     

Optimization of bus stop placement for routes on uneven topography

The improvement and expansion of public transport is an increasingly important solution to the high congestion costs and worsening environmental impacts of the car dominated transport systems seen in many cities today. The intelligent design of stop locations is one way to improve the quality of PT and thereby improve its ridership. Stop placement is a relatively complex task as it involves a trade-off between two competing goals; accessibility and operation; however this trade-off can be made explicit using an appropriate mathematical model. Many such models have been developed in the literature, however none consider the effects of uneven topography. Topography is an important but often neglected factor in the design of public transportation systems, with the potential to have a significant impact on the accessibility, operation and planning of a transit service. In this work a mathematical modelling approach to bus stop placement is developed which includes considerations of uneven topography in three ways; (1) Its effect on walking speed; (2) Its impact on the attractiveness of an access path to a transit service; and (3) Its effect on acceleration rates at stops. Because of the complexity of the model developed, a heuristic evolutionary algorithm’ is employed to approximate an optimal solution to the model. Finally, the model and solution method are applied to a case study in the Auckland CBD area in New Zealand.     

单相接地电容电流的自动补偿

为消除港口供电系统中电缆线路发生单相接地后电容电流对系统的危害 ,采用“直流偏磁式自动跟踪补偿消弧装置”进行补偿。该装置可在线自动跟踪、测量电网的电容电流 ,在发生单相接地故障时自动投入补偿。     

铁路信号系统中以太网转CAN网关设计

设计一种适用于铁路信号系统的以太网转CAN网关设备,将PowerPC405EP作为主控处理器芯片,采用Linux操作系统,利用其自带的协议栈实现以太网通信功能,外扩SJA1000实现CAN总线数据收发功能。为了便于工程施工和现场快速配置,相关通信配置文件及应用程序均存储在外扩的CF卡中。另外,系统还配备了专用的监测以太网接口通道,设备开通运营后可将其工作状态和上下行的通信原始数据上传至监测计算机用于故障分析。     

国产在用客车高速行驶时存在的主要问题及对策

在对我国高速公路客车运输行驶状况进行大量统计与调研的基础上,分析了国产在用客车高速行驶时所存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策。统计结果表明,目前我国全封闭式高速公路的运输能力还未能得到充分发挥,其主要原因是国产在用客车动力性、行驶稳定性、高速制动性等性能较差,建议高速公路用客车的设计,应充分考虑其使用特点及主动安全性要求。