小型水库除险加固及管理探索

江西平远县现有38宗小型水库,大部分水库大坝为土坝,这些水库始建于上世纪50～70年代,经过几十年的运行,出现多种安全隐患,包括设计标准低,输水涵管出现窝塌、损坏、渗漏,坝体渗漏严重、浸润线偏高等问题。为使水库充分发挥防洪作用,对水库除险加固应遵循的原则及加固后的管理问题和加固的内容等进行探讨。     

电子邮件业务在Inmarsat-C系统中的应用

阐述了在陆地用户和Inmarsat-C海上移动用户之间实现电子邮件的方式,以及通过互联网和地面站接续网络实现灵活有效通信的方法。     

New analysis method of seismic passive earth pressure and its distribution on a retaining wallEI北大核心

Research purposes: At present, the analysis methods about seismic passive earth pressure and its distribution have several defects, including unreasonable distribution rule and position, complex derivation, harsh application conditions and so on. The seismic passive earth pressure problem is translated into non-seismic passive earth pressure problem in this paper by using the transform method with rotating calculation model of retaining wall. This method has large reference value to simplify the calculation process of seismic passive earth pressure and its distribution. Research conclusions: Based on the non-seismic passive earth pressure formulations with horizontal slices analysis method, the analytical formulas of seismic passive earth pressure intensity distribution, resultant force of earth pressure and its point position are obtained directly, and the explicit solution of critical rupture angle is got by graphic method. The influencing factors including horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations, different angle of wall back, cohesion and external friction angle between filler and back of retaining wall, equispaced overloading are considered. The formulas can be used for seismic passive earth pressure calculations of cohesive soil with common border condition. The deducing process of seismic passive earth pressure formulations is simplified and unified greatly by using the method in this paper. The seismic passive earth pressure theory is perfected much more. The research results can be applied to do fast computation about seismic passive earth pressure of retaining wall.     

基于Google earth的公路工程办公系统的研究和建立

该文对Google earth在公路工程建设管理中的应用做了初步的探索和研究。实践证明,建立基于Google earth的公路工程办公系统不仅技术上可行,而且Google earth的应用大大提高了工程管理人员的办公效率,减少了资源浪费。     

浅埋微距双线土压平衡盾构水下始发分析

为了研究双线土压平衡盾构水下始发时的施工扰动行为,以广佛环线城际铁路沙堤隧道工程为背景,采用流固耦合分析方法,系统分析有无渗流作用下土压平衡盾构于河道中进行始发的施工响应和地层加固问题,并基于开挖面稳定系数的概念和方法对盾构始发过程中开挖面的稳定性进行分析与评价。研究结果表明,地下水渗流作用会大大增加开挖面失稳风险,引起地表发生较大沉降;始发加固作用可以有效减小地表沉降值,且可以减弱盾构掘进对加固区域外地层的超前扰动;基于开挖面稳定性系数的开挖面稳定性等级分析方法得到的开挖面稳定性分析结果与数值模拟结果基本一致,可以用于盾构隧道开挖面稳定性的分析和评估。     

铁路路堑型明洞顶部垂直土压力的研究

由于受到地形限制或平山造地政策的影响,浅埋明洞回填深度可能较大。而规范中的土柱法仅适用于回填高度较低的情况且并未对回填土高度做出明确规定,所以简单使用土柱法已经不能满足工程安全与经济的要求。为明确明洞回填土荷载,基于Marston理论考虑明洞拱部上方内外土柱变形差异以及偏压回填情况,建立路堑型明洞拱顶垂直土压力计算模型和计算公式,给出不同埋深土压力系数的取值,理论计算与有限元结果相吻合。研究结果表明:路堑型明洞拱顶垂直土压力变化趋势为先增大后减小;埋深大于10 m时,路堑对称型明洞拱部垂直土压力的分布规律不再随埋深改变而发生变化;路堑偏压型的分布规律则随埋深变化而变化,埋深增大两侧土压力分布系数差值越小。     

无连接挡板高填方路堤薄壁挡土墙土压力模型试验研究

根据远当国防公路扩建工程,提出无连接挡板高填方路堤薄壁挡土墙新型结构。应用土压力盒和钢筋应变片进行模型试验,测试挡土墙土压力分布规律和拉筋应变的变化规律。挡土墙土压力不同于经典土压力理论,从挡土墙顶部向下到1 3高度以上,土压力分布呈线性增加,1 3高度以下,土压力随高度变化不大;土压力的分布规律与挡土墙面板后填料的性质无关。试验及分析表明,该连接挡板式薄壁挡土墙结构是一种合理、经济、可以应用于高路堤实际工程的新型挡土结构。     

土压平衡式盾构机富水砂层施工的沉降分析及对策

依托土压平衡式盾构机在富水砂层中的施工实例,结合盾构机的工作原理和结构特点,总结盾构机在富水砂层中施工时的沉降规律,分析各阶段地面沉降的原因,有针对性的采取沉降控制措施,利用信息化施工手段,有效控制地面沉降。     

Evaluation of manatee habitat systems on the northwestern Florida coast

Abstract

Threats to the survival of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) vary throughout their range so that protection of this endangered species requires careful planning on a regional and local basis. The importance and vulnerability of various components of manatee habitats in the Crystal River area of northwestern Florida were assessed, using an ordinal‐combination mapping technique similar to procedures practiced in urban and regional planning. Habitat components were mapped and evaluated in juxtaposition with relevant characteristics of human use of the area, to identify areas of existing and potential manatee/human conflicts in need of reconciliation. Areas evaluated as the most important manatee habitats within this region include Crystal Bay and River, Homosassa River, and the Suwannee River estuary. Existing overlap of human activities with important manatee habitats is most critical near the urban communities of Crystal River and, to a lesser degree, Homosassa Springs. The need for integration of this ecological information into coastal land‐use planning is discussed.     

基于Mckyes Ali模型盾构刀具切削软土三维力学模型研究

为研究盾构法施工过程中任意位置刀具与软土之间的相互作用,基于朗肯被动土压理论,以Mckyes Ali理论建立的耕作刀具切土阻力模型为基础,考虑切削土与刀具、地层的法向力、黏聚力以及自身重力等,引入表示切刀任意位置的参变量L和Ψ,根据力的平衡原理,建立任意位置刀具的切削软土三维力学模型。最后,通过与已有模型对比,验证了该模型的准确性;通过编制Excel计算界面,保证了该模型工程应用的可行性。该模型适用于盾构任意位置切刀的受力分析,为刀盘刀具的地质适应性设计提供了更加全面的切刀受力计算公式。