微分法在有限元分析中的应用

基于有限元原理及结构的平衡微分方程,提出了一种求解结构单元形函数的方法。首先,根据结构单元的变形微分方程求解结构变形的常系数解析式;其次,根据单元的边界条件求解相应的系数表达式,并将求出的系数表达式代到解析式中,形成关于单元局部坐标的解析式;最后,提取单元节点广义位移向量,形成单元的形函数矩阵。运用所提出的方法对结构典型杆单元、梁单元的形函数进行求解后发现,所获得的形函数与相关文献提供的形函数完全一致,表明所提方法正确有效,并且同样适用于其他结构单元形函数的求解,从而为有限元的进一步推广和拓展提供了一条行之有效的途径。     

An upper-bound solution to the problem of plate tearing

An upper-bound solution is derived for the problem of the tearing of a metal plate by a rigid wedge. These newly proposed formulas, with no fracture parameters being used, provide an explanation to the problem of plate tearing, which is a phenomenon that occurs in the process of ship grounding. This paper starts with the proposition of a new kinematic model. Based on the fact that in many experiments there is no evidence of cracks extending ahead of the wedge tip, this new kinematic model assumes no separation between the wedge tip and the crack tip in the plate. Another characteristic of this model is that out-of-plane deformation is assumed for the region around the tip, which correlates well with the experimental observations. Rupture of the metal plate is assumed to occur ahead of the wedge tip due to ductile failure. In the case of longitudinally stiffened panels, an equivalent plate thickness is employed to take the effect of stiffeners into consideration. From comparisons of calculations with existing experimental results, it is clear that the present upper-bound solution is effective in predicting resistance force and energy absorption in the process of plate tearing, and that it can provide predictions that are close to those obtained from empirical formulas and from the theoretical formulas of Wierzbicki and Thomas, who assume that cracks run ahead of the wedge tip.     

Stinis VATCVI-GLTW-D双箱吊具常见故障分析

减少吊具故障,将对提高岸边集装箱作业效率起到重要作用。介绍Stinis双箱可平移吊具在实际使用中出现的一些常见故障,并给出了相应的解决方案。由此,减少吊具故障次数,提高吊具的完好率。     

大连港矿石专用码头泊位升级改造工程护舷悬挑钢架结构创新设计

介绍大连港矿石专用码头泊位升级改造工程护舷改造钢架结构的设计情况,在国内码头升级改造工程中该结构尚属首例。根据护舷钢架的受力特点,比较了两个护舷钢架的设计方案后,最后选用了放射竖板加顶底板的方案。详细介绍了护舷改造钢架的设计分析方法,同时介绍了在安装过程中出现的问题和解决方案。     

多因素影响下顶管施工引起土体变形计算研究

为解决圆形顶管施工穿越特殊地层(如下穿切割塑料排水板)时引起地层变形的影响分析等问题,考虑刀盘挤土效应产生的正面附加压力、顶管与土体之间非均匀分布的侧向摩擦力,因塑料排水管的切削而不能忽略的顶管机刀盘的正面摩擦力引起的地层变形,基于Mindlin解得到在顶管施工阶段地表竖向位移计算公式;最后结合顶管工程项目实例验证计算方法的合理性,并与实测结果对比。分析结果表明:考虑多因素共同影响的地表沉降曲线与现场实测值较为吻合,能够反映顶管顶进过程中纵向地表沉降规律,总体表现为先隆起后沉降。沉降最大值位于开挖面后方8 m左右处;隆起最大值位于开挖面前方5 m左右处。在本文所考虑的影响因素中,影响程度最大的是顶管刀盘的正面附加推力,在沉降变形最大值中占比约为80%,在隆起变形最大值中占比约为56%。选取不同断面分析对比不同深度处土体沉降情况,沉降突变及差异主要表现在顶管轴线两侧12 m范围内。沉降槽曲线近似服从正态分布,不同土层深度的土体沉降最大值均位于顶管轴线正下方。在土体深层沉降中,随着与顶管轴线距离的增加,曲线不再满足随着深度的增加沉降值增大,反而在距离轴线4~6 m远处出现反转,直至随着深度的增加沉降值反而减小。     

基于灰岩地质隧道高边坡压力分散性锚索应用研究

本文结合实际工程案例,通过理论推导、对比分析,探讨了压力分散型锚索在灰岩地质条件下锚固段应力、岩体蠕变和张拉方式对锚索的影响,并取得以下成果:(1)推导出压力分散型锚索的切应力和轴力公式,对锚索在特殊地质条件下的设计及应用提供参考;(2)考虑岩体的蠕变效应,并推导其本构方程;(3)利用不同荷载张拉后补偿张拉最后整体张拉的方式,有效改善了压力分散型锚索因锚固段长度不同导致应力集中产生破坏的问题,并与监测值进行对比分析,以验证张拉方式的正确性。     

Equivalent design pressure for ship plates subjected to moving slamming impact loads

When a ship navigates at sea, the slamming impact can generate significant load pulses which move up along the hull plating. The effect of the moving pressure has so far not been explicitly considered in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships. Based on a modal superposition method and the Lagrange equation, this paper derives analytical solutions to study the elastic dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under moving pressure impact loads. The spatial variation of the moving slamming impact pressure is simplified to three types of impact loads, i.e. a rectangular pulse, a linearly decaying pulse and an exponentially decaying pulse. The dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under the moving slamming impact pressure are calculated in order to investigate the influence of the load pulse shapes and moving speed on the plate structural behaviour. It is found that the structural response of the plate increases with the increase of the moving speed. The response of the plate subjected to a moving pressure impact load is smaller than the case when the plate is subjected to a spatially uniform distributed impact load with the same load amplitude and load duration. In order to quantify the effect of the moving speed on the dynamic load, a Dynamic Moving Load Coefficient (DMLC) is introduced as the ratio between the dynamic load factor for the moving impact load and that under the spatially uniform distributed impact load. An expression for DMLC is proposed based on analyses of various scenarios using the developed analytical model. Finally an empirical formula which transforms the moving impact loads to an equivalent static load is proposed.     

高氧液对家兔急性脑缺血损伤的治疗作用

目的　探索高氧液对兔急性全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法　钳闭双侧颈总动脉并降压建立家兔全脑缺血模型,18只模型随机分3组:对照组(CG) 用平衡盐液再灌注,治疗组(TG) 用高氧液再灌注,均 20 mL/kg静注;预处理组(PG)实验前3 d,高氧液 20 mL/kg静注,每天 1 次。每组在缺血前、缺血 20 min和再灌注 45 min各抽取颈内动脉血测定动脉氧分压(PaO2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。72 h后处死动物,行海马 CA1 区组织病理学观察。结果　再灌注后TG组和PG组MDA含量与海马神经元坏死数量明显低于CG组,PaO2明显高于CG组。结论　高氧液对急性脑缺血有一定保护作用。     

基于满意优化的模糊多目标预测控制算法研究

提出了以满意优化取代传统的最优控制对模糊预测控制中的性能指标进行优化的方法。以模糊多目标单步预测模型为例，给出了系统对某一控制目标的满意优化控制算法，并在此基础上提出了基于满意优化的模糊多目标预测控制算法。