CO2 ocean sequestration by moving ships

Ocean sequestration of the CO₂ captured from fossil-fuel burning is a possible option to mitigate the increase in CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. It can isolate huge amounts of CO₂ from the atmosphere for a long time at relatively low cost, if it is acceptable from the viewpoint of the environmental impact on the ocean. The concept of CO₂ dispersion in the ocean depths by ships is a promising method for efficient dilution. That is, liquefied CO₂ is delivered to the site and injected into the ocean at depths of 1000–2500 m with a suspended pipe towed by a slowly moving ship. In addition to the horizontal movement of the release point, the vertical journey of CO₂ droplets until they disappear by dissolution is effective for the dilution of CO₂ in seawater. In this paper, the possibility of the generation of relatively large-sized droplets from a moving nozzle is investigated experimentally. In addition, the terminal velocity of CO₂ droplets in deep-sea circumstances is measured in a large high-pressure tank to investigate the influence of the hydrate film formed on the surface of the droplet. Finally, it is shown by simulation that an initial dilution ratio of one to some ten thousandths is possible on a realistic engineering scale in the moving ship type of CO₂ ocean sequestration. Received: August 7, 2001 / Accepted: September 13, 2001     

H-adaptive Navier–Stokes simulations of free-surface flows around moving bodies

This article deals with Navier–Stokes simulations of multiphase flows around moving bodies coupled with an adaptive mesh refinement strategy. The numerical framework is considered first: the Navier–Stokes solver, the methodologies for handling multiphase flows and moving bodies, the remeshing techniques, and the adaptive procedure are explained and detailed. Then an application involving hydrodynamic impacts is presented in detail and studied to highlight the relevance of the whole global approach. Of particular interest is the accurate computation of pressure peaks arising during impacts.     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.     

浅谈广州地铁3号线列车定位技术

从移动闭塞的功能出发,阐述了广州地铁3号线ATC系统的列车定位技术。3号线信号系统以交叉感应环线为车-地通信介质,列车定位方面采用交叉感应环线进行粗略定位,采用车载测速发电机进行精确定位,同时还采用接近传感器进行站台辅助定位。此外还对定位技术中的抗干扰屏蔽、轮径补偿和空转及打滑监测等作了阐述。     

基于移动荷载过桥的轨道交通桥梁振动研究

应用振型分解法,对移动荷载通过轨道交通桥梁时的动力响应进行理论分析,得出轨道交通车辆过桥时共振和振动相消的公式。当桥梁第一阶竖向自振频率等于车辆速度与车辆长度之比时,会发生共振。为避免桥梁共振,设计时应满足第一阶竖向自振频率大于车辆最大速度与车辆长度的比值。当桥梁第一阶竖向自振频率等于车辆速度与两倍桥梁跨长之比的奇数倍时,轴重在桥上引起的自由振动和轴重离开桥梁后桥梁的自由振动相互抵消,桥梁振动最小。     

用磁偶极子阵列模型计算运动舰船感应电场

提出一种基于磁偶极子阵列模型的运动舰船感应电场的计算方法，根据一次船模实验，分析了运动舰船产生的感应电场大小及空间分布特性。实验结果表明，该感应电场大小和航速成正比，电场分布具有很强的区域性且该电场是完全可测的。     

活动件尺寸工程上的数字装配应用技术

为解决整车试制阶段,在检具和支架还没有开发出来的情况下,活动件(电动玻璃升降器系统、车身铰链系统、雨刮电机及连动杆系统和天窗系统等)尺寸控制分析困难的现状,应用DMU(Digital Mock Up,数字装配)运动机构动态仿真技术,通过对活动件开合角度的调整,结合现有的三维测量技术,有效地解决了车身试制阶段,活动件尺寸分析困难的问题。活动件尺寸工程上的DMU应用技术,可以实现整车试制阶段活动件尺寸精准测量分析。     

双横臂独立悬架运动特性分析

几何参数是影响双横臂独立悬架运动特性的最重要因素。用矢量方法推导双横臂独立悬架运动特性，建立了上、下控制臂球头中心的运动方程以及转向系和悬架的运动协调方程；从工程设计的实际需要出发，编写了悬架运动特性的计算程序，使用 ADAMS软件和本程序进行了计算对比，以验证程序的正确性，并运用该程序对 CA6440和 CA6471的双横臂独立悬架进行了计算分析。     

移动荷载作用下近桥台处路面结构动力响应的有限元法分析

应用ABAQUS有限元建立了桥台后路堤路面动力计算的三维模型，将车辆荷载表达为反复移动的分布荷载（移动荷载）形式，并编制了VDLOAD子程序。通过有限元Explicit计算模块，首先分析了行车速度、材料阻尼比与轮胎压力对路面结构动响应的影响；其次，着重分析了车速90km／h、阻尼比5％、胎压700kPa条件下单次与多次循环荷载作用下路面动应力与位移的变化规律。分析认为，随着开放交通后道路使用时间的增长，路桥过渡段差异沉降的累积将导致近桥台处路面结构损坏程度加剧，从而影响道路的正常使用。