Off-road vehicle fatalities: A comparison of all-terrain vehicle and snowmobile accidents in Sweden

This study investigates accident fatalities involving two types of off-road vehicles: snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). All snowmobile fatalities in Sweden from the 2006/2007 season through the 2011/2012 season, and all ATV fatalities from 2007 through 2012, were retrospectively examined. A total of 107 fatalities—57 snowmobile-related and 50 ATV-related—were found. Most deaths occurred on weekends (71% of the snowmobile-related and 72% of the ATV-related). A majority of the fatalities were males (91% and 94%), with the largest share in the age group 40–49 years (19% and 24%). The most common causes of death were blunt trauma (56% and 66%), drowning (30% vs 6%), and traumatic asphyxia (9% vs 14%). Among victims who were tested (95% vs 92%), a very high share was found to be inebriated (59% vs 61%), and mean blood alcohol concentration was also high (1.9 vs 1.7 g/l). Forty-seven percent of snowmobile-related fatalities and 48% of ATV-related fatalities had a blood alcohol concentration above 1.0 g/l. This means that there was a very strong association between off-road vehicle fatalities and drunken riding; steps to prevent riding while intoxicated seem to be the most important preventive measure. Automatic measures such as alcolocks are probably the most effective. The obvious at-risk group to target is middle-aged men with high alcohol consumption.     

某越野车右舵驾驶室的车身总布置设计

针对右舵国家客户的需求,基于某左舵越野汽车驾驶室开发了一款右舵驾驶室。文章介绍了某型越野汽车右舵驾驶室的总体布置设计。首先对驾驶员的双目障碍角和后视镜视野进行校核,然后对雨刮刮刷面积进行了校核,校核结果满足标准要求,并对驾驶员前部仪表板空间进行布置,最后绘制了车身总布置图。     

EQ2102越野汽车前轮摆振影响因素试验分析及改进措施

针对东风EQ2102型独立悬架越野汽车的前轮摆振问题进行了道路试验分析,研究了前轮失衡量、转向系统阻尼和刚度对前轮摆振的影响。试验及分析表明,该车摆振主要为强迫振动,通过控制激振源、增大转向系统阻尼可抑制摆振。提出了采用阻尼轴承代替主销滚针轴承来增大转向阻尼的解决方案,同时评估了阻尼轴承对汽车操纵稳定性的影响。     

面向平顺性仿真的越野汽车动态模型

首先根据越野汽车的结构特点和平顺性试验方法建立越野汽车静态模型;然后把平顺性虚拟测试过程视为变化的系统,从集合观点建立其动态模型,并把多种越野路面包括在模型中。测试结果表明,该建模方法可以用来表征不同越野车型随时间和空间变化的激励与响应特征,扩大了越野汽车平顺性虚拟测试系统的适用范围。     

越野汽车TCS冰雪道路试验研究

针对自主开发的越野汽车牵引力控制系统（TCS）进行了冰雪路面加速道路试验研究，完成了实际“驾驶员-车辆-道路”闭环环境下的TCS的软、硬件匹配。试验结果表明：牵引力控制系统能够有效消除驱动轮过度滑转，显著改善汽车的加速性和方向稳定性。     

戋谈非道路摩托车检测过程中的一些问题

在对非道路摩托车的实际检测中,整车产品质量存在如车架机械强度不够、车辆可靠耐久性不够、最高车速与实际车速不匹配、前后轮制动力不符合要求、排放超标、整车装配及轮辋偏差超标等问题,从中可以看出目前的非道路摩托车产品质量有待进一步提高,各企业唯有从车辆的设计、材料、工艺、装配和性能上全面改进产品,才能使非道路车产业得以长足发展。     

单缸风冷汽油机高压缩比燃烧室的优化设计仿真研究

针对燃油经济性问题,论文以非道路单缸风冷170F汽油机为研究对象,高热效率为核心目标,运用仿真软件对燃烧室形状和压缩比进行优化。在保证不发生异常燃烧的前提下,使用CONVERGE建立仿真模型,并设计仿真了四款高压缩比燃烧室对发动机性能的影响。通过对仿真数据的具体分析来确定较为理想的燃烧室模型。研究结果表明,在自身小型强化技术进一步完善的前提下,可考虑轻微爆震的压缩比情况,此时压缩比为10.5,整机指示热效率较原机提升46.61%,理论燃油消耗率下降至252.69 g/(kW·h),较原机下降31.79%。该种燃烧室改良方法有较好的节能减排前景,在同类机械不同机型上有一定的应用普适性,具有实用推广的能力。     

某越野车顶盖密封性能特征分析与优化

解决整车的淋雨密封性问题是整车研发、制造过程中的一个系统性、复杂性的工程,然而目前密封的机理与解决方法尚不完善。基于此,文章介绍了一种越野车型漏水问题的研究方法与解决思路,提出了动态水流路径分析法与DOE实验设计结合的策略。对车身结构、相关零部件的密封性能进行分析评估,确定异常水流路径及影响因子,通过正交实验以及均值分析得到最优化的密封条唇边降低高度、硬度、长度参数,并在批量生产过程中进行充分的验证,改善了顶盖间密封系统,将整车的淋雨一次通过率从62.5%提高至99.3%。     

越野车辆差速器同步锁止机构自动控制系统模糊控制方法研究

本文采用模糊控制方法对差速器同步锁止机构自动控制系统进行了研究。建立了车辆模糊控制模型，并进行了模拟实验。模拟实验结果表明：基于模糊控制的差速器同步锁止机构自动控制系统鲁棒性强，控制效果好，系统的移植性好。     

Efficiency analysis of a multiple axle vehicle with hydrostatic transmission overcoming obstacles

Transmission configurations in off-road vehicles with multiple driven axles can be a determining factor in the obstacle surmounting capacity and also in the vehicle efficiency. An off-road articulated vehicle with four driven axles, four bogies and two modules has been considered for the global hydrostatic transmission efficiency analysis and for the vehicle functional efficiency analysis. The power flow through the transmission system has been quantified from the combustion engine shaft to each axle of the wheels. It has been done for different the operating conditions and taking into account the wheel–terrain interaction and the transmission configuration, that could lead to a forced slippage of some of the wheels. Results show the influence of the different wheels’ requirements, the transmission configuration limitations and the considered control strategy on the global transmission and vehicle functional efficiencies.