斜拉索-磁流变阻尼器多性能约束下的减振控制算法

提出一种极点和方差指标约束下的斜拉索-磁流变减振控制算法。基于Halmiton原理与切比雪夫级数求解方法建立斜拉索-阻尼器减振控制系统状态空间方程。以极点表达减振控制快速性和稳定性约束,以方差表达小振幅和振速约束,基于凸优化理论,给出满足相容快速性、稳定性、小振幅以及振速指标约束下的磁流变半主动减振控制算法。最后,以某斜拉桥C20号斜拉索为例进行仿真验证。结果表明,给出的减振控制算法能保证斜拉索在随机外界激励下的快速性稳定性,且有效抑制拉索的振幅,减振效果良好。     

城市综合交通体系规划回顾与展望

回顾改革开放以来中国城市综合交通体系规划在规划定位、规划目标、内容体例、技术方法、规划实施等方面的实践和探索。总结规划编制工作的基本特点:以问题为导向、融合城市总体规划、提倡以人为本理念、广泛应用定量技术方法。指出规划编制和实施过程中存在的不足:规划地位和作用认识不清、价值理念与实际行动脱节、规划实施评估环节缺失、规划管理体制机制缺乏、相关法规技术标准陈旧。结合城市交通发展新趋势,展望未来城市综合交通体系规划的重点方向:强化多规融合、强调以人为核心的规划、加强规划评估和滚动编制、加强技术创新与行业规范、深化政策保障机制研究。     

电子车辆识别技术的性能、安全性和成本分析及应用

电子车辆识别(EVI)是利用电子信号对车辆进行自动识别和监测的技术.随着RFID技术的不断发展,EVI应用的领域和范围不断扩大,这对EVI的性能、安全性和成本提出了更高的要求.     

A Delphi analysis on green performance evaluation indices for ports in China

This study identified a set of applicable and practical green performance evaluation indices for Chinese ports using the Delphi technique. The research was conducted by targeting three representative Chinese ports in Eastern China: the Shanghai Port, Ningbo Port, and Qingdao Port. An effective expert panel was structured with direct stakeholders related to green performance, which was based on a sufficient consideration of the unique and the special decision-making system for Chinese ports. Twenty-one green performance indices in six dimensions (i.e. liquid pollution management, air pollution management, noise control, low carbon regulations and energy savings, marine biology preservation, and organization and management) were eventually identified through three rounds of iterations. The identified green performance indices for Chinese ports are highly consistent with the Chinese Government’s environmental policies. Compared with European ports, the green port performance indicators in China are not as comprehensive. The indicators that are strictly consistent with national macro policies and the factors that are more easily seen, heard, and felt were perceived to be more important. From an academic perspective, this study offers a new approach for system establishment and green practice criteria exploration and thus provides a significant basis for further green port studies.     

基于Supramax型散货船北极航道运营经济性模糊综合评判

本文以一艘Supramax型散货船为模型,结合北极航道船舶通航限制,从规范设计角度入手,设计了B级和B1级两种冰区加强下的船体结构,连同非冰区加强型结构一起,就船体结构重量、造价、航运费用、营运收入等主要经济性指标进行模糊综合评判,并对最终的结果进行分析,为船舶北极航道运营提供参考依据。     

交通模型的价值

在既有规划编制导则中,已经明确交通模型和交通需求分析是综合交通体系规划、轨道交通线网规划的重要工作内容。交通模型的价值并非仅仅体现在预测结果和精度上,更在于编制过程中对交通特征和供需关系的分析,对战略方案、系统方案的指导、解释、论证的作用上。但在现实规划编制中,模型的地位和价值在丧失,日益成为项目成果中的摆设品,难以支撑交通需求深入分析,并与战略构思、方案制定相脱节。与此同时,规划实践、大数据、交通模型的发展趋势,亟须重新审视模型的价值,提升模型精细化的定量分析水平。最后,从机制保障、应用推广、功能拓展、科研攻关等方面,提出促进模型价值提升的相关建议。     

基于气液两相流解析模型的水冲压发动机推进特性分析

给出了喷管中气液两相流动等温正压模型的解析解。基于该解析模型以及水冲压发动机内流道几何参数,迭代求解了发动机在一系列工况下的推进特性。研究表明,水冲压发动机的推力、效率、比冲随着气相质量流量以及航速的共同提高而提高,单单增加航速或单单增加气体质量流率,都会使得比冲和效率先增后减。单单增加气体质量流率,水流流量减小,推力增加,但是耗气量显著增加。单单增加航速,水的流量增加,推力将先增后减。     

Estimation of delay variability at signalized intersections for urban arterial performance evaluation

Urban arterial performance evaluation has been broadly studied, with the major focus on average travel time estimation. However, in view of the stochastic nature of interrupted flow, the ability to capture the characteristics of travel time variability has become a critical step in determining arterial level of service (LOS). This article first presents a stochastic approach that integrates classic cumulative curves and probability theories in order to investigate delay variability at signalized intersections, as a dominant part of the link travel time variability. This serves as a basis for arterial travel time estimation, which can be obtained through a convolution of individual link travel time distributions. The proposed approach is then applied in the estimation of travel time along one arterial in Shanghai, China, with abundant automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data sources. The travel time variability is evaluated thoroughly at 30-min intervals, with promising results achieved in comparison to the field measurements. In addition, the estimated travel time distributions are utilized to illustrate the probability of multiple LOS ranges, namely, reliability LOS. The results provide insights into how we might achieve a more reliable and informative understanding of arterial performance.     

Effectiveness of travel time reliability indicators in the light of the assessment of dynamic managed lane strategy

ABSTRACT

The aim of traffic management is to ensure a high quality of service for a maximum number of users by decreasing congestion and increasing safety. Uncertainty of travel times decreases the quality of service and leads end users to modify their plans regardless of the average travel time. Indicators describing travel time reliability are being developed and should be used in the future both for the optimization and for the assessment of active traffic management operations. This article discusses the efficiency of certain reliability indicators in an ex-post assessment of a traffic management strategy. Ex-post assessment is based on an observational before–after study. As some factors other than the studied management strategy may intervene between the two periods, and as most reliability indicators require knowledge of the full travel time distribution and not only its average, a methodology is developed for the identification of the impact of these exogenous factors on the whole distribution. Many reliability indicators are split into different parts allowing the identification of the part due to the management strategy impact. The methodology is tested numerically on a managed lane operation consisting of Hard Shoulder Running (HSR) at rush hour on a section of a French motorway. The variation of some reliability indicators appears misleading, whereas the splitting of the indicators increases our understanding of the strategy and highlights its impact. The paper gives the reliability assessment of the HSR field test and discusses different reliability indicators to identify their potential performances and shortcomings.     

布达佩斯城市交通发展战略与启示

分别从概况、战略目标、实施策略等3个方面对布达佩斯城市交通发展的总体战略及公共交通、道路网络、静态交通、步行及自行车交通、交通管理等发展战略进行了阐述。由此得出,居民出行线路上任何一种交通方式的低效都将破坏整个交通链的效率,只有整个交通链所有交通环节的和谐发展,才能够使公共交通在运输服务上较小汽车具有竞争力;只有综合利用公共交通与私人交通,才能使城市交通与土地利用相协调。最后,结合布达佩斯和国内实践经验,总结提出了一种包含人口、经济、地理、环境、技术、制度等要素的“六棱形”城市交通发展战略规划模型。