Modelling and control of a new differential steering concept

This paper presents a new steer-by-wire concept using an all-wheel drive vehicle layout with in-wheel motors while completely omitting the application of any dedicated steering device. Steering is based on the so-called differential steering principle which generates the necessary steering moment about the kingpins by a traction force difference between left and right sides of the vehicle. In order to investigate the behaviour of the vehicle and to design the underlying control algorithms, a planar vehicle model is presented, where the vehicle is described as constrained non-holonomic system requiring a special treatment. A state feedback linear controller for controlling of the lateral dynamics of the vehicle at higher speeds and a simple PI angle controller for low-speed manoeuvring are developed. The resulting behaviour of the system is investigated by various simulation experiments demonstrating a comparable steering performance of the new steering concept as that of conventional passenger cars.     

The clinical analysis of three methods in the treatment of intracranial bacterial infection

Objective To analyze the effect of three therapeutic methods to find an optimal approach to the treatment of intracranial bacterial infection by retrospectively reviewing 33 intracranial bacterial infection patients who were admitted from 1995 to 2008 in oar hospital. Methods The treatments by intermittent lumbar puncture,continuous lumbar subarachnoid space drainage, and embedment of Ommaya cyst for continuous drainage from the ventricles were performed in 15 cases, 12 cases, and 6 cases respectively along with intravenous application of full dose of antibiotics. Results Nineteen cases were cured and the best prognosis was from the group of Ommaya cyst embedment and continuous drainage from the ventricles. Conclusion Management goals are prompt recognition of the central nervous system (CNS) infection, rapid identification of causative organisms and initiation of treatment with the optimal management methods for complications. Embedment of Ommaya cyst for continuous drainage from the ventricle is a safe and effective treatment for intracranial bacterial infection.     

基于分布式压密传感器的隧道衬砌防脱空主动监测

为解决二次衬砌脱空的问题，实现在浇筑过程中对衬砌脱空的主动监测，结合隧道二次衬砌衬背脱空的成因，研发基于分布式压密传感器的隧道衬砌脱空主动监测系统。该系统由分布式压密传感带、延长线、直显终端及工业电脑组成，具有原理简单、安装便捷等优点。通过在衬砌层间预埋分布式压密传感器，对浇筑过程进行主动监测，结合带模注浆技术，实现对衬砌脱空的精准注浆与快速处治，有效解决隧道衬砌脱空问题。在验证试验中，系统在浇筑过程中共发现2处拱顶空洞，证明该系统对脱空监测的有效性。同时，该系统在国内部分重点铁路线已经取得应用，现场应用情况表明，该系统对二次衬砌拱顶脱空的识别准确率可达到95.5%。     

如何利用波形分析大众EA888正时

AE888作为大众的明星发动机,更新到的第三代发动机性能更为出色,因此本文主要介绍如何利用曲轴位置传感器和凸轮轴位置传感器波形来分析发动机正时情况。发动机正时错误是导致发动机抖动的主要原因之一,以往验证正时都是通过正时工具、正时记号。都需要拆卸部分零部件才得以验证,本文通过对比G28、G40两个传感器波形就可以判断发动机正时情况。     

基于风险网络的轨道交通车辆风险评价

针对轨道交通车辆系统的风险网络和关键部件风险评价开展研究，以系统部件和部件连接关系作为节点和边，建立了风险网络模型，分析了节点固有风险的影响因素和计算方法.根据节点之间故障传播概率得到边的作用强度和路径风险.对节点固有风险和路径风险进行分析，得到节点综合风险，并通过幂法对节点综合风险进行求解，从而识别部件对系统的影响程度.以转向架系统为例进行综合风险计算，结果表明：部件固有风险大小不能完全决定综合风险大小，还与部件连接关系和作用强度相关；与实际经验得出的关键部件综合风险排序对比，利用本文方法得到的关键部件排序一致性与其他方法相比有明显提升.     

高等级公路综合排水系统设计的探讨

阐述高等级公路综合排水系统的重要性 ,介绍了对沿线水系分布及排水系统构造物设置进行的整体分析、整体规划及整体设计 ,同时对路面排水、互通立交处排水等其他排水设计原则进行探讨 ,使之满足实用、经济、美观的要求。     

城市轨道交通信号电源系统可靠性分析

城市轨道交通信号电源系统为信号系统提供可靠稳定的供电,其可靠性需纳入信号系统进行考虑,以实现系统整体的可靠性目标。对目前信号系统常见的电源系统结构进行了分析,并建立了相应的可靠性模型。比较了不同方案的可靠性及主要影响因素,为提升信号系统整体可靠性提供参考。     

全断面卵石地层泥水盾构环流系统针对性优化设计及应用

为解决泥水盾构在全断面卵石地层掘进时环流系统的堵塞滞排问题，结合洛阳地铁2号线博物馆站—九都西路站盾构区间泥水盾构全断面卵石地层中施工穿越洛河工程，提出一种并联式采石箱设计方案。先后进行普通并联式采石箱、串联采石箱、新型格栅滚筒式采石箱及直通管道自落式旁通采石方案等应用研究，并开展工业性试验，逐步总结方案并优化完善。结果表明： 1）直通管道自落式旁通采石方案，可以较好地解决泥水盾构在卵石含量高、卵石粒径大的地层中掘进时的管路滞排问题，大大提高掘进效率； 2）新型格栅滚筒式采石箱若能解决滚筒卡顿的问题，也能较好地处理类似工况； 3）对于新制造盾构，建议采用优化的新型格栅滚筒式采石箱方案，理论上该方案应更加高效。     

浅谈辽宁交通信息系统维护内容及定额

主要介绍信息系统维护内容、合理制定信息系统维护定额,以此为切入点,探讨如何提高我省交通信息系统维护水平.