北京市建筑物配建机动车停车位指标修订研究

通过借鉴国内外城市停车策略经验,重新审视了北京市现行建筑物配建机动车停车位指标,并结合北京市交通资源条件和交通发展战略,确定了北京市建筑物配建机动车停车位指标修订原则,在划分了停车管理分区和细分了建筑物分类的基础上,提出了北京市建筑物配建机动车停车位指标推荐值及实施建议.     

出租车行业“时距并计”计价方式的非合理性

针对出租车行业的"拒载"现象,以公平负担原则和企业经营风险理论为基础,对"时距并计"计价方式进行了剖析,说明"时距并计"计价方式不合理;指出出租车企业不应将其上涨的运营成本-交通拥堵成本转嫁给消费者;出租车作为一个消费者普遍使用的运输工具,应该按照市场经济原则,承担企业经营风险,进一步探索寻求对消费者和经营者双方更为公平、更为合理的计价方式,收到双赢的效果。     

Incorporating negative externalities into productivity assessments of US airports

This paper analyses the efficiency of 44 US airports for the period 2005–2009. In addition to the conventional outputs (i.e., passengers, flights and cargo), we consider three undesirable externalities of airport activities: delays, noise and local air pollution. We adopt a directional distance function approach and perform a second stage analysis to investigate potential determinants of efficiency. Our base case results with only the positive outputs show that the greater the average aircraft size serving an airport and the larger the dimensions of the airport, the higher the technical efficiency. However, our results are sensitive to the inclusion of the undesirable outputs. The implications are that the inclusion of these externalities into the calculation of efficiency may impact policy decisions.     

Route-recording on high resolution transportation network databases for National Transport Surveys: An option for valid and reliable distance measures?

The aim of this study is to investigate the results of route-recording within the Swiss National Travel Survey in the year 2010. The research questions include the following: (1) What level of accuracy and quality of georouting between addresses can be obtained within Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI)-based national travel surveys? (2) What are the differences between estimated and routed distances for stages? (3) Is it worth it to switch from self-estimated distances to technological solutions in national travel surveys with a comparison between GPS and route-recording? It was found that within the method of route-recording, a high share of address-precise geocodes is a necessity for a successful routing fulfilled by the Swiss National Travel Survey 2010. Secondly, route-recording provides reliable and valid distance measures and is one way to overcome the difficulty in participants distance estimates. Thirdly, in its current form, it is not yet an alternative to GPS in national travel surveys, if one is interested in the actual routes travelled by survey participants. Especially there is development work necessary in the routing of non-motorised travel regarding both digital networks and the survey method. The paper concludes by drawing on the findings of this examination and formulating opportunities for improvement and enhancement.     

Inland waterways—their role and significance in European transport

Summary

1) Western Europe has a navigable waterways‐network of about 19,000 kms. For the coming decades, however, about 40 percent of the length of these waterways has a very limited relevance, because of the small capacity of the barges that can pass along them.

2) Of the different types of barges the majority are the self‐propelled type. The importance of the pull‐towed barges is declining quickly, whereas the push‐towed barges are on the upswing.

3) The relative importance of inland shipping in comparison with rail transport is far from uniform. In The Netherlands inland shipping is dominant. On the other hand, in France, this mode of transport has only 30 percent of the total number of tons transported by inland shipping and railways together.

4) May the relative importance defer, there is a strong resemblance between the types of goods that are transported via the waterways with crude and manufactured minerals as well as building materials ranking high. In general, inland shipping is primarily involved in the transport of basic products and is of vital importance to the functioning of the West‐European economy.

5) The rather complicated legal regime of the waterways in Western Europe is certainly not the only reason why the integration in the transportation sector of the European Communities hardly moves on.

A fundamental discussion about the basic conceptions of the transport policy in the Common Market is unavoidable before real progress can be made. The entrance of the United Kingdom into the European Community may give an opening on this point.

6) Life goes on, with or without transport‐integration. Inland shipping moves forward too, paying for the use of infrastructure or not.

The general trends in transport support the expectation that the relative importance of inland shipping will increase in the coming decades. The increase in size of shipments and transport distances works in favour of this mode of transport. Besides this, inland shipping still has many possibilities to improve its productivity.

7) The future of inland shipping will be found in bulk transport and the transport of general cargo that has a volume per destination that goes far beyond the quantities for which the container or comparable types of transport units are better suited.     

城市道路平面交叉口视距控制与计算

中国现行的城市道路平面交叉口视距控制理论和计算方法不够完善,且与实际情况不符,需要进一步改进。首先分析了英美国家城市道路平面交叉口视距控制理论和计算方法,并与中国现行理论和方法进行比较。认为城市道路平面交叉口视距应结合交叉口交通管制情况进行控制和计算;交叉口的用地范围应根据交叉口的类型和交通管制方式,借鉴英美国家的设计理论和计算方法来确定;在规划阶段应明确各类交叉口的交通管制方式和管理措施,从而为合理确定交叉口的用地范围提供依据。     

小水线面双体船船型与阻力特性关系的研究

本文利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对一小水线面双体船的粘性绕流进行了数值模拟，研究其船型与船舶阻力之间的关系，主要讨论以下几个方面：（1）特定船型条件下，随着雷诺数变化阻力的变化情况；（2）两潜体在相同长度不同间距时的阻力特性；（3）相同排水量的条件下，潜体不同长径比时的阻力特性。通过将数值模拟结果与经验公式比较，验证FLUENT软件用于船舶阻力分析的有效性和实用性。     

Technical efficiency of automobiles – A nonparametric approach incorporating carbon dioxide emissions

We conduct an empirical analysis of the technical efficiency of cars sold 2010 in Germany. The analysis is performed using traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) as well as directional distance functions (DDF). The approach of DDF allows incorporating the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions as an environmental goal in the efficiency analysis. A frontier separation approach is used to gain deeper insight for diesel and gasoline cars. Natural gas driven cars and sport utility vehicles are also treated as different groups. The results show that the efficiency measurement is statistically yet not economically significantly influenced by the incorporation of carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, we find that natural gas driven cars are highly inefficient even if the reduction of emissions is accounted for in the analysis.     

Accounting for scale heterogeneity within and between pooled data sources

There is growing interest in incorporating both preference heterogeneity and scale heterogeneity in choice models, as a way of capturing an increasing number of sources of utility amongst a set of alternatives. The extension of mixed logit to incorporate scale heterogeneity in a generalised mixed logit (GMXL) model provides a way to accommodate these sources of influence, observed and unobserved. The small but growing number of applications of the GMXL model have parameterized scale heterogeneity as a single estimate; however it is often the case that analysts pool data from more than one source, be it revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) sources, or multiple SP sources, inducing the potential for differences in the scale factor between the data sources. Existing practice has developed ways of accommodating scale differences between data sources by adopting a scale homogeneity assumption within each data source (e.g., the nested logit trick) that varies between data sources. This paper extends the state of the art by incorporating data-source specific scale differences in scale heterogeneity setting across pooled RP and SP data set. An example of choice amongst RP and SP transport modes (including two ‘new’ SP modes) is used to obtain values of travel time savings that vary significantly between a model that accounts for scale heterogeneity differences within pooled RP and SP data, and the other where differences in scale heterogeneity is also accommodated between RP and SP data.     

高职院校校企合作主体权利义务及违约救济研究

文章针对当前校企合作中合作主体的权利义务及违约救济问题进行了深入的分析，提出了高职院校校企合作为平等主体之间的民事法律关系，存在互相提供教学与实践资源的义务，其救济途径亦应遵循合同关系的法律规定等观点。