Hydrographic cruises off northwest Africa: the Canary Current and the Cape Ghir region

We present hydrographic data for several sections located along the African coastline and off Cape Ghir, carried out at times of weak surface winds (October 1995 and September 1997). The main sections are near the continental slope, at mean distances between 100 and 150 km from the coastline. North of Cape Ghir (31°N) the geostrophic transport (referenced to 650 m) of North Atlantic Central Water through these sections is 3.7 and 2.0 Sv for 1995 and 1997, respectively. This confirms that a major fraction of the water transport by the Canary Current flows east, into the continental slope off northwest Africa, at latitudes above Cape Ghir. Most of this flow continues south past Cape Ghir, along the coast and probably through the eastern passages of the Canary Archipelago. A significant fraction, however, may escape through surface Ekman transport (0.3–0.5 Sv during the early fall season) and by offshore flow at Cape Ghir (1.1 Sv in September 1997, referenced to 650 m). Despite the weak winds the Cape Ghir filament was clearly visible, characterized by localized coastal upwelling associated to a cyclonic shallow structure and cold (and fresh) waters stretching offshore as a very shallow feature (50–100 m deep). The satellite images show that the surface temperature field is highly variable, in rapid response to the surface winds, always with a core region of relatively cold water and commonly with one or two associated eddies. Our results support the existence of two recirculation cells in the area: a horizontal one that connects the interior eastern boundary currents with the coastal region and a vertical one related to both wind-induced and filament upwelling. The data also show a salinity subsurface maximum at the root of the filament, linked to water inflow from northern latitudes, and a subsurface anticyclonic eddy over the Agadir canyon, likely related to the poleward slope undercurrent.     

励磁电流功率放大器数学模型及其稳定性研究

对励磁电流精确控制是发电机励磁系统的重要要求,本文对具有H半桥结构的励磁电流功率放大电器工作原理进行分析和仿真。建立了以H半桥励磁电流功率放大器和感性负载为对象的电流闭环控制数学模型,并在对模型进行合理简化基础上,根据根轨迹和劳斯判据理论推导PI调节器参数的稳定域,通过试验验证了PI调节器参数对系统稳定性能的影响。根据分析和试验对控制器参数进行调整,确定合理的PI调节器参数,实现励磁电流以较小的超调量和较快的响应速度稳定输出。试验结果表明了理论推导的正确性,该方法简单有效,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

寒区公路隧道消防工程设计探讨

分析寒区公路隧道消防工程的现状,提出全新的消防设计方案,以解决寒冷地区冬季消防不可靠、费用高的问题.该设计方案可为类似工程提供一定借鉴.     

软土地区铁路桥梁墩台滑移病害整治技术研究

针对宁启铁路既有线某桥墩台位移病害,根据现场实测结果,建立力学模型进行理论分析,得出墩台滑动的主要原因是由于桩基侧向土体约束作用极低所致的结论,计算时采用自由桩长的假定,结合现场地形情况提出"纵向顶撑、横向限位"的桥梁加固原则,采用墩台之间设置水平系梁、桥台外侧设置横向限位桩、台后地基钻孔释放应力等整治措施。     

基于网格量化和区间均值的动态目标识别

动态目标识别中，当摄像机和目标之间相对距离变化时，对于同一目标的多尺度序列图像。虽然目标区域图像大小和清晰度不同，但整体结构分布具有相似性和一致性。根据这一特点，提出基于目标区域网格量化的方法。在目标区域上形成采样网格，通过相对量化提取结构特征矩阵。对于同一目标序列图像中的每一个目标区域，其结构特征矩阵基本不变。结构特征矩阵反映象素分布的自相关性质。进一步，对由干扰引起的灰度值结构分布误差，采用网格区间均值的方法加以解决。目标区域网格量化是对相邻采样点的差值进行量化匹配。区间均值是对少数相邻采样点的进一步匹配。实例表明，本文的方法运算速度快、可靠性高，达到了实用目的。     

A parameterized consideration set model for airport choice: an application to the San Francisco Bay Area

Airport choice is an important air travel-related decision in multiple airport regions. This paper proposes the use of a probabilistic choice set multinomial logit (PCMNL) model for airport choice that generalizes the multinomial logit model used in all earlier airport choice studies. The paper discusses the properties of the PCMNL model, and applies it to examine airport choice of business travelers residing in the San Francisco Bay Area. Substantive policy implications of the results are discussed. Overall, the results indicate that it is important to analyze the choice (consideration) set formation of travelers. Failure to recognize consideration effects of air travelers can lead to biased model parameters, misleading evaluation of the effects of policy action, and a diminished data fit.     

粉喷桩处理滨湖水网地区软基技术应用

详细阐述了水泥粉喷桩用来处理滨湖水网地区软土基地设计方案以及施工控制工艺,并结合工程实例进行了相关试验,分析了粉喷桩强度影响的有关因素,得出了有关粉喷桩处理软基的结论.对类似工程有一定参考作用.     

青藏铁路多年冻土区桩基施工应用技术

1引言青藏高原多年冻土区桩基施工改变地基的热平衡条件,使桩基地温场发生变化,引起桩周地基土层范围升温及融化。为解决这一难题,必须采用相应的工程措施避免出现这些问题。此文结合唐古拉山越岭地段多年冻土区桩基施工经验论述多年冻土区桩基施工技术。2多年冻土区钻孔灌注桩     

基于序列图像运动分割的车辆边界轮廓提取算法

为了准确获得图像感兴趣区中运动车辆的形状特征, 提出了一种新的车辆边界轮廓提取算法。利用连续3帧图像, 对包含同一运动车辆的图像感兴趣区进行光流场分割, 以获取目标运动区域, 通过平移运动区域的左、右边界获得正确的车辆区域及其封闭边界轮廓, 通过放大运动矢量计算公式的阈值来提高其运行效率。试验结果表明: 该算法可从具有复杂自然场景的图像序列中检测出完整的运动车辆边界轮廓, 检测正确率在95%以上。     

半挂汽车列车高速变道稳定域估计

为改善传统稳定域在评价铰接列车非稳态转向稳定性方面的不足, 提出了一种适用于半挂汽车列车的高速变道稳定域的估计方法; 建立了包含Pacejka魔术公式的半挂汽车列车四自由度非线性动力学模型, 通过半挂汽车列车高速变道的仿真和实车试验对比验证了所建模型的有效性; 在构建车辆系统Jacobian矩阵的基础上, 应用特征根法分析了车辆在高速阶跃转向和正弦转向2种情况下的稳定性; 基于Lyapunov稳定性定理, 通过构建Lyapunov能量函数, 分析了车辆极限状态时的系统能量与能量变化阈值, 获得了车辆高速变道稳定域, 并利用半挂汽车列车30m·s^-1变道试验验证稳定域。分析结果表明: 高速变道过程中车辆系统Jacobian矩阵特征根大于0, 但最终收敛至小于0, 系统仍可保持稳定; 车辆高速变道稳定域为近似凹形曲面, 能量越接近中心区的低点, 车辆系统越稳定, 而一旦接近甚至超过能量阈值, 车辆系统将临近或发生失稳; 在半挂汽车列车30m·s^-1变道试验中, 当Lyapunov能量接近阈值3.863 6J时, 车辆系统处于临近失稳状态。可见, 确定的半挂汽车列车高速变道稳定域, 能够较好地表征车辆系统在高速瞬态连续转向状态下的稳定性, 可为半挂汽车列车操纵稳定性评价和控制提供有益参考。