Effects of countdown timers on queue discharge characteristics of through movement at a signalized intersection

This study investigates how countdown timers installed at a signalized intersection affect the queue discharge characteristics of through movement during the green phase. Since the countdown timers display the time remaining (in seconds) until the onset of the green phase, drivers waiting in the queue at the intersection are aware of the upcoming phase change, and are likely to respond quicker. Thus, the countdown timers could reduce the start-up lost time, decrease the saturation headway, and increase the saturation flow rate. This study observed vehicle flow at an intersection in Bangkok for 24 h when the countdown timers were operating, and for another 24 h when the countdown timers were switched off. The signal plans and timings remained unchanged in both cases. Standard statistical t-tests were used to compare the difference in traffic characteristics between the “with timer” and “without timer” cases. It was found that the countdown timers had a significant impact on the start-up lost time, reducing it by 1.00–1.92 s per cycle, or a 17–32% time saving. However, the effects on saturation headway were found to be trivial, which implies that the countdown timers do not have much impact on the saturation flow rate of signalized intersections, especially during the off-peak day period and the late night period. The savings in the start-up lost time from the countdown timers was estimated to be equivalent to an 8–24 vehicles/h increase for each through movement lane at the intersection being studied.     

路网环境下考虑大型车混入率的事故疏散诱导模型

大型车的混入对高速公路交通流产生了较大的影响，尤其是在交通事故情景下。为了引导事故条件下驾驶人和组织者做出高效准确的决断，将考虑了大型车混入率的动态空间占有率模型引入到交通波模型，构建干涉与非干涉情景下的交通事故影响模型。以郑尧高速为例，对模型的准确性和可行性进行了验证，分别对干涉情景下的疏散时间、疏散量以及事故发生的位置，车辆数等指标与事故影响程度的指标（包含事故最远排队长度，事故持续时间）关系进行分析。研究结果表明：疏散时间与事故影响程度成正相关关系，疏散量与事故影响程度成负相关关系，而事故发生点与上游匝道之间的距离与其关系不大；道路服务水平为0.456，车辆数为1 321 veh·h^-1时，为了使得分合流区不受影响，在不采取任何措施的情景下，应将大型车混入率控制在50.1%以下，使得最远排队长度在10 km内；当大型车混入率大于58%时，将很难通过干涉引导避免对上游分合流区产生影响；在35 min以内采取干涉措施的效果最为明显，而大于35 min时，事故持续时间会发生一个急剧的增加，不利于路网恢复，之后事故恢复时间将趋于平稳；对道路交通量进行模拟可知交通量每增加50 veh，疏散时间和距离增加的范围为[1.5 min，3.6 min]和[1.209 km，1.543 km]。研究结果可为高速公路事故诱导策略制定和疏散效果提升提供参考。     

关于IE在重卡制造业中的应用

介绍了某重卡调整线运用IE手法,引入工业工程中的作业分析、程序分析、作业分析、动作分析等方法和思想,对生产线进行改善。     

EFFECT OF EPIMEDIUM FLAVONE TOTAL(EFT) ON THE IMMUNOFUNCTION OF EHRLICH ASCITES CANCER(EAC) BEARING MICE

ＥｐｉｍｅｄｉｕｍｇｒａｄｉｆｌｏｒｕｍＭｏｒｒｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｈｅｒｂｓｗｈｉｃｈｈａｓｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｉｎｇｔｈｅｋｉｄｎｅｙａｎｄｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｎｇＹａｎｇ，ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｂｏｄｙａｎｄａｎｔｉｒｈｅｕｍａｔｉｃｓ．Ｍｏｄｅｒｎｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｈａｄｆｏｕｎｄｏｕｔｔｈａｔｅｐｉｍｅｄｉｕｍｇｒａｄｉｆｌｏｒｕｍｍｏｒｒｈａｓｔｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｎｇｉｍｍｕｎｏｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ，ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｔ…     

关于码头超能力靠泊问题的分析

文中通过对我国沿海港口建设和生产发展状况进行分析，指出了产生码头超能力靠泊的原因，并深入讨论了码头超能力靠泊的危害，最后，从提高码头生产效率、遵守限定条件靠泊核准的新船型等方面提出了解决码头超能力靠泊的方法。     

Biologically induced differences in erodibility and aggregation of subtidal and intertidal sediments: a possible cause for seasonal changes in sediment deposition

This study was carried out to describe the difference in erodibility and aggregation in a tidal basin including both subtidal and intertidal study sites and to use these results to explain the shifting erosion/deposition cycles at the sites. Erosion thresholds, erosion rates and settling velocities of the eroded material were measured at a mudflat transect and at sediment cores taken from a nearby tidal channel during surveys made in May 2000 and March 2002. Surface samples were analysed for grain-size, chl. a content, faecal pellet content, dry bulk density and organic content. Additionally, surface samples were taken at eight occasions in the period January 2002 to May 2003 from shallow tidal channels in the area. These samples were analysed for mud content and showed that major shifts in sediment distribution occurred in the period. The erodibility of the mudflat was generally high due to pelletization by the mudsnail Hydrobia ulvae but close to the salt marsh much lower erodibility was found, probably due to stabilisation by microphytobenthos. In contrast, the erodibility of the channel bed seemed to be very little influenced by biological activity and the relatively low erodibility found here was caused by physical characteristics of the sediment. The sediment eroded from the mudflat was generally strongly pelletized and showed high settling velocities whereas less aggregation and lower settling velocities were found for the channel bed sediments. Temporal variations of the mudflat stability and hydrodynamics resulted in temporal variations of deposition and erosion and the changing stability at the mudflat is likely to be one of the main reasons for a general transport of fine-grained sediment from the mudflat to the channel in the cold seasons and vice versa during the rest of the year.     

How well a single-track linear model captures the lateral dynamics of long combination vehicles

ABSTRACT

The effect of centre-of-gravity heights on the high-speed performance measures of long combination vehicles including truck with double centre-axle trailers, Nordic, and A-double combination vehicles is investigated. The high fidelity three-dimensional models, used in this research, are validated against physical test data. These models are often accurate in terms of the actual dynamic behaviours of the vehicle. On the other hand, the simple yaw-plane single-track models with linear tires require less number of vehicle parameters. In this paper, it is investigated how accurate the estimations of performance measures are at high forward speeds by such single-track linear (STL) models. The influence of load height is especially studied. The high-speed performance-based standard or PBS measures considered are rearward amplifications of both lateral acceleration and yaw velocity; lateral load transfer; yaw damping and high-speed transient offtracking. The results show that tire relaxation has a large effect and it is rather easy to add to an STL model, so it is assumed to be modelled in STL. With realistically high payload and a required accuracy of PBS measures of approximately 10%, only the accuracy of rearward amplification of yaw velocity calculated by the frequency response is fulfilled by the STL. With low payload, the same statement is valid, but with around 5% in required accuracy. The roll dynamics effects are more important than the tire non-linearities.     

海绵城市生物渗滤单元填料对城市道路径流污染物处理效果的实验研究

通过对海绵城市生物渗滤单元几种常见的填料及其在不同配比下对于城市道路径流中的Zn、总P和石油类三种代表性污染物处理效果的实验分析，考察了不同填料对城市道路径流污染物的去除效果。结果表明，河砂的去除效果好于沸石。实验期间，河砂柱对锌的去除率均高于95%， 而沸石柱在通水的前三天内对锌的去除率高于90%，随后逐渐降低。在河砂中适当添加少量砾石有助于在保证去除率的情况下提高其渗透速率， 当河砂与砾石质量比为2∶1时，填充柱的渗透速率达到4 mm/min，同时其对各污染物的去除效果也很明显。     

混合交通流参数之间关系模型标定

提出了混合交通流参数之间关系模型的标定和超车换道率的计算方法,采用广深高速公路、广佛高速公路和沪宁高速公路的实测数据对模型进行了验证,并计算了各数据点的超车换道率.结果表明,流量、密度数据的相关系数都接近1,超车换道率介于-1和1之间.