基于 OD 反推的交通需求分析方法研究

对于影响范围较大、道路系统较为复杂的项目的交通需求分析问题,结合T ransCAD软件平台,提出了基于OD反推的交通需求分析方法。以背景交通量作为路段流量,OD反推得到虚拟分区的客流发生、吸引量,继而进行四阶段交通需求预测。相对于传统"手工"分配,在背景交通量基础上叠加流量的方法,文章提出的方法能够有效避免高估干道,低估次要道路拥堵程度的情况,可以细化到支路层面进行分析。      

基于手机数据的城市交通大区OD分布估计 ——以旧金山市为例

在大数据时代,手机数据因普及率高、采集成本低等优点逐渐受到人们的重视.手机通信运营商在为手机用户提供通信服务的同时会记录每次服务的时空信息,因此利用手机数据可以挖掘出用户的位置信息,并应用于城市居民出行OD分布估计.提出以手机数据为基础对城市交通大区之间OD分布进行估计的方法.利用居民手机数据估计美国旧金山市各交通大区之间的出行分布,并结合居民出行调查数据对估计结果进行检验.结果显示基于手机数据的出行估计具有较高的可靠性.     

Outline of scientific ocean drilling and specifications of riser drilling vessel Chikyu

 The Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC) has been, and is now promoting the “OD21” program (i.e., “Ocean drilling in the 21st century”). This is the first plan in the world to utilize deep-water riser-drilling technologies for scientific drilling. One of the important factors for the success of this program is the development of a high-performance drilling vessel. Since 1990, JAMSTEC has been continuing a technological study of a riser-drilling vessel for scientific studies with an operational capability in waters up to 4000 m deep. It was decided to start the construction with a two-phase plan: a vessel with a riser operation for waters up to 2500 m deep will be constructed in the initial stage, and then the vessel will be modified to a 4000-m depth capability. In the development process of the vessel, named Chikyu, many new technical developments have taken place, such as drilling/coring equipment, a dynamic positioning system, etc. Thus, the Chikyu is expected to contribute to ocean engineering and other work, in addition to scientific advances. Received: June 15, 2002 / Accepted: November 11, 2002 Address correspondence to: Y. Yano (e-mail: yanoy@jamstec.go.jp)     

基于贝叶斯智能学习OD矩阵估计与网络拓扑优化研究

OD矩阵（Origin—Destination Matrix）是路网规划与评价的基础数据。以往OD矩阵数据是通过交通调查的方法获得，这往往耗费了大量的人力和物力。运用贝叶斯定理的先验分布原理，构造贝叶斯智能学习的网络拓扑结构，提出由各路段交通流量的观测值来推算估计以及预测OD矩阵的一种有效方法。利用此方法可以准确估计出OD矩阵数据，同时在优化网络拓扑中，能对未来交通量的分配进行预测。对比分析表明，此方法能有效地提高交通运输规划的效率以及交通评价准确性。     

Optimal motion control for collision avoidance at Left Turn Across Path/Opposite Direction intersection scenarios using electric propulsion

Collision avoidance at intersections involving a host vehicle turning left across the path of an oncoming vehicle (Left Turn Across Path/Opposite Direction) have been studied in the past, but mostly using simplified interventions and rarely considering the possibility of crossing the intersection ahead of a bullet vehicle. Such a scenario where the driver preference is to avoid a collision by crossing the intersection ahead of a bullet vehicle is considered in this work. The optimal vehicle motion for collision avoidance in this scenario is determined analytically using a particle model within an optimal control framework. The optimal manoeuvres are then verified through numerical optimisations using a two-track vehicle model, where it was seen that the wheel forces followed the analytical global force angle result independently of the other wheels. A Modified Hamiltonian Algorithm controller for collision avoidance that uses the analytical optimal control solution is then implemented and tested in CarMaker simulations using a validated Volvo XC90 vehicle model. Simulation results showed that collision risk can be significantly reduced in this scenario using the proposed controller, and that more benefit can be expected in scenarios that require larger speed changes.     

基于高速公路收费数据库的断面交通量计算方法

根据我国高速公路绝大部分为封闭式收费公路的特性,提出基于高速公路收费站通行记录数据库的OD矩阵整理算法以及断面交通量的计算方法,并结合实例对此算法进行分析验证,对高速公路收费管理具有很高的应用价值。     

日本物流调查的经验与借鉴

物流调查是物流设施规划与政策制定的重要基础。物流数据统计发展滞后已成为制约中国物流业发展的重要瓶颈。通过梳理日本在物流调查方面的工作进展,总结其在调查制度保障、组织模式、调查方案、调查内容及方法等方面的特点。针对中国物流行业发展现状,提出具体建议:加快开展货运需求调查的前瞻性研究,规范并指导企业构建统一的物流信息数据与平台,远期将货运调查纳入综合交通调查体系等。