Research into the problem of wheel tread spalling caused by wheelset longitudinal vibration

This study mainly focuses on the mechanism of wheel tread spalling through wheelset longitudinal vibration that has been often neglected. Analysis of two actual cases of the wheel tread spalling problem leads to the conclusion that the wheel tread spalling is closely related to the wheelset longitudinal vibration in some locomotives, and many of these problems can be reasonably explained if the wheelset longitudinal vibration is considered. For better understanding of some abnormal wheel spalling problems, the formations of the wheelset longitudinal vibration and the wheel/rail contact parameters were analysed in the initial wheel tread spalling. With the preliminary analytical results, the wheelset longitudinal dynamic behaviour, the characteristics of wheel/rail contact and the mechanics in the condition of the wheelset longitudinal vibration were further studied quantitatively. The results showed that the wheelset longitudinal vibration changed not only the limit of these parameters and the position of principal stress, but also the direction of the principal stress on the surface of wheel/rail contact patch. It is likely that the significant stress changes provoke too much stress on the surface of wheel/rail contact patch, cause fatigue in wheel/rail contact patch and eventually lead to wheel tread spalling. The results of these studies suggest that the suppression of the wheelset longitudinal vibration extends wheel/rail life and the addition of a vertical damper with an ahead angle provides a possible solution to the wheel spalling problem.     

Design method for steel deck plates under quasi-static patch loads with allowable plastic deformations

Plastic deformation of plates in steel deck structures under heavy vehicle or helicopter wheel loads is common in ships and offshore structures, and is therefore of significant interest to designers of ro-ro/cargo ships, helicopter-carrying ships and offshore platforms. To provide insight into the plastic deformation of plates, the nonlinear elasto-plastic response of stiffened steel plates loaded quasi-statically by a central rigid rectangular indenter is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The numerically-determined stiffened plate permanent deflections compare well with those obtained experimentally. The concept of applying the elasto-plastic method to the design of deck plates under wheel patch loads is introduced, and the design principle of wheel patch loaded plating is studied together with the design criteria. A simple design formula to determine plating thickness is proposed based on an acceptable level of permanent set. Ship-mounted helideck plating design cases are given to illustrate the elasto-plastic method, and comparisons are made between the thicknesses derived using the proposed design formula and those found from Lloyd's Register (LR), Bureau Veritas (BV) and DNV-GL rule requirements.     

树脂基复合材料修补片固化过程中的温度场

为优化树脂基复合材料修补片固化工艺参数,采用有限元分析方法,建立了复合材料层合板修补片热固化过程的物理模型和数学模型,基于这些模型对复合材料预浸料修补片固化过程中温度和固化度的变化规律进行了数值模拟,分析了不同固化阶段预浸料修补片内部的温度分布,对比了修补片内部不同点的固化过程;研究了升温速率、补片厚度和补片形状等因素对补片固化过程中温度和固化度的影响.仿真计算结果表明:升温速率越快,固化完成时间越短,但修补片内温度梯度越大;补片越厚,固化完成时间越短,且补片内部温度梯度越小;非穿透性挖补修理的补片形状对补片固化过程中温度和固化度的影响可忽略.      

预拌式冷补沥青在道路日常养护中的应用

通过正兴牌冷补沥青在深圳市政联合沥青加工厂的使用实例，对预拌式冷补沥青在道路日常养护中的路用性能，应用特点进行了探讨，并对施工使用要点进行了论述。     

基于复合三角Bezier曲面／平面的交线构造过渡曲面

由初始交点出发，利用三角Bezier曲面片间的拓扑关系，采用连续跟踪的算法计算复合三角Bezier曲面与平面的交线；对所得的交线通过点对应修正、曲面片间边界点计算、交线两端交点的跟踪、截面线的构造、截面线离散，得到一系列的型值点，从而可构造出与基曲面达到G′连续、结构的过渡曲线面。测试显示，该方法简单可靠，能满足反求工程CAD建模的要求，在曲面造型和加工领域具有广泛的应用潜力。     

基于植被持续性的公路护坡植物筛选研究与应用方式探讨

依托原云南楚大高速公路筛选试验小区,观测了28个单播组合及10个混播组合8年间生长表现,在利用常规生态学研究方法的基础上借鉴了景观生态学的斑块格局研究方法,对观测期末演替形成的植物种类、斑块数、多样性指数及盖度高度综合优势比进行了测定,从应用方式角度根据植物持续性、植物竞争力与扩散强度等方面将适用植物划分为混播先锋种、伴生种及建群种3种类型。指出单播群落具有均质化、多样化发展的趋势,提出在新建公路植被建植中,采用分斑块建立单播植物群落方式,最终建立目标混交植物群落的新思路。     

三角转子发动机径向密封片窜动影响的分析与计算

三角转子发动机径向密封片在密封槽内沿径向伸缩的现象称为窜动,它加速了径向密封片与气缸之间的磨损,降低了密封性能。在此对径向密封片窜动的影响因素进行详细分析并对窜动量进行了计算。对转子发动机的设计可起参考作用。     

A non-Hertzian method for solving wheel–rail normal contact problem taking into account the effect of yaw

A novel approach is proposed in this paper to deal with non-Hertzian normal contact in wheel–rail interface, extending the widely used Kik–Piotrowski method. The new approach is able to consider the effect of the yaw angle of the wheelset against the rail on the shape of the contact patch and on pressure distribution. Furthermore, the method considers the variation of profile curvature across the contact patch, enhancing the correspondence to CONTACT for highly non-Hertzian contact conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed method can provide more accurate estimation than the original algorithm compared to Kalker’s CONTACT, and that the influence of yaw on the contact results is significant under certain circumstances.     

基于FINE/Marine的螺旋桨水动力性能研究

以标准DTMB 4119桨为研究对象,基于黏性流计算软件Fine/Marine,采用RANS方法预报螺旋桨敞水性能,对不同进速系数下的推力系数和扭矩系数进行模拟计算。计算过程中分别采用旋转坐标系及滑移网格2种方法,其中,在采用滑移网格计算时,分别考虑湍流模型、非线性迭代步数及迭代时间步长对计算结果的影响。经过与试验结果进行对比分析及各方法间的比较,总结了各方法的特征与优劣,并验证了2种方法在螺旋桨敞水性能预报中的可靠性与有效性。该预报思路和方法可为后续螺旋桨水动力性能研究提供借鉴和参考。     

胰岛素抵抗对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞BKCa功能的影响

目的探讨高脂、高糖饮食诱导的大鼠胰岛素抵抗对血管平滑肌细胞大电导钙激活钾通道(BKCa)功能的影响及其机制。方法采用膜片钳技术检测胸主动脉和肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞BKCa的功能;分别用免疫印记法和实时定量PCR法测定BKCa亚单位(α和β1亚单位)的蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结果与对照组比较,胰岛素抵抗组大鼠胸主动脉和肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞宏观电流密度均减低,100 nmol/Liberiotoxin使胰岛素抵抗组细胞在+60 mV时的最大电流幅度较对照组显著降低(P<0.01)。β1亚单位蛋白和mRNA表达在胰岛素抵抗组较对照组明显减低(P<0.05)。结论胰岛素抵抗时无论大血管还是微血管BKCa功能的下降与β1亚单位表达下调有关。