改性沥青零剪切粘度的确定方法探究

零剪切粘度是改性沥青高温性能评价的重要指标。运用Burgers模型对通过蠕变恢复试验确定零剪切粘度ZSV的方法进行了研究,并与运用流变学模型Cross和Carreau进行参数拟合得到的ZSV进行对比,结果表明从恢复阶段得到的ZSV与Carreau模型的拟合结果非常接近,因此在直接测定ZSV比较困难的情况下,ZSV可以采用Carreau模型拟合或从蠕变恢复试验的恢复阶段进行确定。     

大跨径悬索桥无抗风缆猫道动力特性分析

采用理论建模和ANSYS有限元预应力索结构模态分析的研究方法,对大跨径悬索桥无抗风缆猫道动力特性进行了研究,理论推导了无抗风缆猫道1阶竖向、侧向和扭转振动频率公式,数值分析了桥塔、矢跨比、横向天桥、材料性能及联结索等参数对猫道振动特性的影响.结果表明:桥塔对猫道自振频率影响很小;猫道的振动频率随着矢跨比的增加而呈减小的趋势;横向天桥的位置和个数对猫道低阶频率影响很小,对高阶频率有一定影响;平行索对猫道频率几乎无影响,交叉索对猫道低频影响很小,对扭转频率有一定提高;CFRP与钢承重绳猫道的自振频率差别不大,却能大大降低对卷扬机等施工机具的要求.     

电动自行车交通发展的主要趋势——近10年文献综述

电动自行车是交通市场增长最快的领域之一,2012年总销售量超过3100万辆.相关研究的数量不断上升,鉴于此,对过去蓬勃发展的与电动自行车最相关的主题进行综合分析.将研究重点放在电动自行车交通及需要注意的最关键的研究缺口方面,而非休闲娱乐.中国的电动自行车销量在世界占领先地位,荷兰、德国紧随其后.电动自行车能够以较少能耗保持一定速度,也有研究发现电动自行车能增加自行车使用率.电动自行车有潜力取代传统机动交通方式(内燃式),但在取代传统自行车方面所扮演的角色仍存在争议.电动自行车不仅有益身体健康,并且相同行驶里程下,碳排放水平显著低于小汽车.在某些地区,安全问题上升到政策层面,目前电动自行车的数量已经足以搜集到丰富的安全数据.尽管如此,关于电动自行车的研究目前仍处于萌芽阶段.随着电动自行车数量的不断上升,为了向政策制定者以及整个行业提供必要的数据,相关领域的进一步研究需求也日益增长.     

Transport choice behaviour of Chinese and Australian tourists in Scotland

This study aimed to investigate and analyse the internal pre-purchase transport choice behaviour of Chinese and Australian tourists in Scotland. A literature review was carried out to explore the pre-purchase internal transport choice behaviour of tourists. A questionnaire was designed based on the findings of the literature review. A convenience sampling plan was developed to achieve a valid and statistically significant sample size for the two selected markets: Chinese and Australian tourists. Surveys were distributed directly within the Highlands and indirectly through tour operators. A number of significant differences in pre-purchase transport choice behaviour were found between independent and tour travellers and between Chinese and Australian tourists. A number of other variables including English language capabilities, country of residence, education levels and previous travel experience were also found to have significant influences on the process. A number of recommendations relating to market analysis and research, promotion and product development were made to Scottish tourism transport providers based on the findings.     

Port choice in container market: a literature review

As a result of the intense changes occurring in port environment over the last decades, new models of competitiveness have been developed, where port authorities try to increase their attractiveness. In this context, one of the most debated issues in this area of research is still the role played by port authorities in defining port competitiveness. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of port choice literature enabling to identify the main port choice’s criteria in order to define the role played by Port Authorities and to point out future lines of research that should be undertaken to fully incorporate current ports’ environment and performance. The results show that although some studies point out the importance of geographical factors in port choice, a larger number of studies defend the increasing role played by port authorities in determining the competitiveness through investing in port infrastructure, improving port efficiency or hinterland accessibility. Despite the existing models contributing on this topic, there are still some gaps in terms of measuring the port performance, including port strategies and studying the port choice for specific industries.     

Vehicle routing problem and driver behaviour: a review and framework for analysis

Vehicle routing problems (VRPs) whose typical objective is to minimise total travel costs over a tour have evolved over the years with objectives ranging from minimising travel times and distances to minimising pollution and fuel consumption. However, driver behaviour continues to be neglected while planning for vehicle routes. Factors such as traffic congestion levels, monotonous drives and fatigue have an impact on the behaviour of drivers, which in turn might affect their speed-choice and route-choice behaviours. The behaviour of drivers and their subsequent decision-making owing to these factors impact the revenue of transport companies and could lead to huge losses in extreme cases. There have been studies on the behaviour of drivers in isolation, without inclusion of the objectives and constraints of the traditional routing problem. This paper presents a review of existing models of VRP, planner behaviour models in the VRP context and driver behaviour models and provides a motivation to integrate these models in a stochastic traffic environment to produce practical, economic and driver-friendly logistics solutions. The paper provides valuable insights on the relevance of behavioural issues in logistics and highlights the modelling implications of incorporating planner and driver behaviour in the framework of routing problems.     

Exploring the capacity of social media data for modelling travel behaviour: Opportunities and challenges

In the past few years, the social science literature has shown significance attention to extracting information from social media to track and analyse human movements. In this paper the transportation aspect of social media is investigated and reviewed. A detailed discussion is provided about how social media data from different sources can be used to indirectly and with minimal cost extract travel attributes such as trip purpose, mode of transport, activity duration and destination choice, as well as land use variables such as home, job and school location and socio-demographic attributes including gender, age and income. The evolution of the field of transport and travel behaviour around applications of social media over the last few years is studied. Further, this paper presents results of a qualitative survey from travel demand modelling experts around the world on applicability of social media data for modelling daily travel behaviour. The result of the survey reveals positive view of the experts about usefulness of such data sources.     

Extreme-response analysis of jack-up platforms

The extreme wave and current response of a typical North Sea jack-up drilling platform has been calculated using nonlinear, stochastic, time-domain analysis techniques. A statistical treatment of the response-time histories has been performed. Appropriate probability distributions have been fitted to simulated response amplitudes and extrapolated to determine extreme values in storms of 3 or 6 h duration. Nonlinear geometric effects and dynamic effects are also addressed.

The results of the nonlinear time-domain analyses are compared to the results of more simplified methods used in jack-up designs.     

An application of activity-based travel analysis to simulation of change in behaviour

People are liable to exaggerate their future use of new transport facilities when they are interviewed about it before it is in operation. This is often due to the fact that they have no real frame of reference for the study. In order to overcome this, we have tried to perfect an original behaviour-change simulation method (Section 1). It has been tested on a town on the outskirts of Lyons (France) and has provided interesting results. However, to use it as a forecasting tool, we have to make sure that the assertions by potential users when interviewed are consistent with actual behaviour when the new facilities become available (Section 2). This test was carried out when a new light rail line was introduced in Grenoble (France). A first survey was undertaken before the opening of the new line, and people's actual (new) behaviour was surveyed after the new line opened. It is therefore possible to analyse the validity of the simulation (Section 3).     

Smartphones as an integrated platform for monitoring driver behaviour: The role of sensor fusion and connectivity

Nowadays, more than half of the world’s web traffic comes from mobile phones, and by 2020 approximately 70 percent of the world’s population will be using smartphones. The unprecedented market penetration of smartphones combined with the connectivity and embedded sensing capability of smartphones is an enabler for the large-scale deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). On the downside, smartphones have inherent limitations such as relatively limited energy capacity, processing power, and accuracy. These shortcomings may potentially limit their role as an integrated platform for monitoring driver behaviour in the context of ITS. This study examines this hypothesis by reviewing recent scientific contributions. The Cybernetics theoretical framework was employed to allow a systematic comparison. First, only a few studies consider the smartphone as an integrated platform. Second, a lack of consistency between the approaches and metrics used in the literature is noted. Last but not least, areas such as fusion of heterogeneous information sources, Deep Learning and sparse crowd-sensing are identified as relatively unexplored, and future research in these directions is suggested.