基于实测温度的国六后处理线束设计

鉴于国六大包温度高、传感器多的特点,从防止插错、精简线束种类、规避烤化风险的角度,以实测温度为依据,设计具有高可靠性的国六后处理线束。     

Weight threshold estimation of falling UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) based on impact energy

Different weight thresholds for drone operations have been specified by regulatory agencies in different countries, without detailed backgrounds of guidelines. Therefore, this paper aims to study weight thresholds by focusing different levels of injuries caused by the impact of the drones on human head of different weights dropped at various heights. The work covers drone free drop modelling, FEM (finite element method) based impact modeling, and comparable drop impact experiments. The analyses and experiments were conducted accordingly to two individual commercially-available groups: small and large drones in weights. Two well-established indicators defining head injuries due to impact, which are known as Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), are used in the present weight threshold study. The proposed AIS level for the weight threshold estimation has been set at AIS level 3, which indicates major skull fracture, in the further analysis through the probability of fatality. The main focus of the present work is to perform a parametric study and to present a reliable model to estimate the weight thresholds of the drone operations based on HIC and AIS. In conclusion, the results obtained and presented in this paper have demonstrated and provided a comprehensive analysis of possible direct injuries of a falling drone impacting a human head, with relevant data of impact or injury levels associated with HIC and AIS obtained for a drone with different weights falling from various heights.     

基于公路隧道内车辆对火灾影响数值研究

以武汉长江公路隧道为工程背景,利用FDS5.0数值模拟软件建立隧道实体模型,进行火灾数值模拟分析。研究不同火灾热释放率、车辆长度、火源车辆阻塞比以及附近车辆之间间距、附近车辆长度、附近车辆阻塞比6种因素下,隧道内拱顶温度和人平均身高Z=1.70 m处CO浓度的分布规律,并对这6种因素进行敏感性分析。结果表明:隧道的拱顶温度随着热释放率和阻塞比的增加而增加,随着着火车辆长度的增加而减小;Z=1.70 m处CO浓度随着火灾热释放率和车辆长度的增加而增大,随阻塞比的增大而减小;影响隧道火灾的主要因素是热释放率和车辆阻塞比,应有针对性地对这二种因素进行有效的管理。     

内外温差对明挖隧道主体结构内力的影响研究

明挖隧道内外温差会使其衬砌结构产生附加应力,严重时会使隧道轴线方向的衬砌产生环向裂缝。通过对温度进行现场监测,获得工程实际内外温差,对其规律进行简要分析并将其作为有限元计算的温度边界条件;采用ANSYS进行有限元计算,考虑明挖隧道主体结构修建完成和回填完成两个阶段,对隧道内部温度低于外部温度、隧道内部温度高于外部温度以及无温差3种工况进行分析,得出温差对隧道结构应力的影响规律。     

中型低压大功率电机轴承温升测试及修理措施

文章主要讲述中型低压大功率电机轴承温度的测量方法和测试过程中轴承温升的基本规律。并对中型低压大功率电机轴承温度测试应注意的问题和温升的基本规律进行了简要分析。对电机轴承温升过高提出修理改进措施，从而使人们对中型低压大功率电机测试和使用过程中轴承温升控制有所参考和依据。     

Is equilibrium in transport pure Nash,mixed or Stochastic?

The classical theory of transport equilibrium is based on the Wardrop’s first principle that describes a Nash User Equilibrium (UE), where in no driver can unilaterally change routes to improve his/her travel times. A growing number of economic laboratory experiments aiming at testing Nash-Wardrop equilibrium have shown that the Pure Strategy Nash Equilibrium (PSNE) is not able to explain the observed strategic choices well. In addition even though Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium (MSNE) has been found to fit better the observed aggregate choices, it does not explain the variance in choices well. This study analyses choices made by users in three different experiments involving strategic interactions in endogenous congestion to evaluate equilibrium prediction. We compare the predictions of the PSNE, MSNE and Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE). In SUE, the observed variations in choices are assumed to be due to perception errors. The study proposes a method to iteratively estimate SUE models on choice data with strategic interactions. Among the three sets of experimental data the SUE approach was found to accurately predict the average choices, as well as the variances in choices. The fact that the SUE model was found to accurately predict variances in choices, suggests its applicability for transport equilibrium models that attempt to evaluate reliability in transportation systems. This finding is fundamental in the effort to determining a behaviourally consistent paradigm to model equilibrium in transport networks. The study also finds that Fechner error which is the inverse of the scale parameter in the SUE model is affected by the group sizes and the complexity of the cost function. In fact, the larger group sizes and complexity of cost functions increased the variability in choices. Finally, from an experimental design standpoint we show that it is not possible to estimate a noise parameter associate to Fechner error in the case when the choices are equally probable.     

沥青DSC吸热峰特征值与感温性指标相关性分析

为分析用DSC吸热峰的何种特征值来表征沥青的感温性能，对DSC吸热峰能量值、峰宽度值、峰值温度和针入度指数、针入度粘度指数的相关性进行分析，得出结论：DSC吸热峰能量值和峰宽度值与针入度指数和针入度粘度指数都具有良好的相关性，吸热峰能量值和峰宽度值可以用来表征沥青的温度敏感性。     

再生沥青混合料最佳拌和温度及压实温度研究

为了确定再生沥青混合料的最佳拌和温度和压实温度,首先通过SGC试验在不同温度下成型混合料试件,根据试件的体积参数确定再生混合料最佳压实温度,然后根据再生沥青在合适剪切速率下的黏温曲线确定再生沥青混合料的最佳拌和温度。试验结果证明:对于再生基质沥青混合料,试验确定的最佳压实温度及拌和温度接近由黏温曲线计算所得温度值;对于再生改性沥青混合料,其施工特性与新拌混合料有明显差异,由试验确定的最佳压实温度及拌和温度低于黏温曲线所得的温度,建议实际工程中确定再生改性沥青混合料压实温度及拌和温度时,可在再生沥青黏温曲线试验的基础上适当降低5～10℃。     

钢箱梁桥体铺装层降温系统的试验和数值模拟

在钢箱梁除湿系统配合使用的条件下，设计了一套铺装层降温系统来解决夏季高温天气铺装层热稳定性不足的问题，并采用数值模拟软件对降温系统安装前后铺装层温度场进行了数值计算分析。结果表明，铺装层表面、黏结层、铺装底面温度变化规律基本相似，采用铺装层降温系统不仅可以适当降低铺装表面温度，而且能够有效解决黏结层和铺装底层温度过高的问题。     

地震灾后公路重建工程施工工艺

通过调查汶川地震灾后212国道某公路段的通行能力及损坏情况，详细论述了对该路段进行灾后公路改建的路面设计、施工工艺，分析了施工过程中温度控制、接缝处理等问题，以及施工安全和保畅通措施，为其他灾后公路重建工程提供了宝贵经验。