浅谈土壤污染对园林植物的影响

主要论述土壤污染产生的根源，分析土壤污染给植物等产生的危害，以及对土壤的污染治理应采取的措施。使土壤得到净化，减少对园林植物危害作用。     

北京地铁砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构施工刀盘扭矩研究

根据砂卵石地层力学特性,结合北京地铁4个标段工程,分析土压平衡盾构刀盘扭矩各组成部分所占的比例,提出简化的刀盘扭矩计算公式.分析计算结果表明:刀盘开口率与刀盘扭矩成反比,开口率每增加10％,刀盘扭矩降低8％～10％;土体的流塑性对刀盘扭矩影响较大;土体的摩擦系数每降低0.1,刀盘扭矩相应降低约35％～40％.在北京地铁10号线二期工程现场进行盾构掘进试验,分别通过刀盘改造(开口率增大至40％)及土体改良,使刀盘扭矩保持在2 500～3 500 kN·m,盾构推进速度明显得到改善.试验结果进一步验证了增大开口率及土体改良是在砂卵石地层降低刀盘扭矩的2项非常有效的措施;也验证了刀盘扭矩计算公式是合理的、可靠的,满足工程实际需求.     

筒形基础安装失败案例分析

结合现场筒形基础安装全过程,有针对性地记录安装失败的关键环节,利用筒形基础设计及理论知识对贯入力、负压贯入过程和土塞效应影响进行全面地剖析,带有建设性意见地提出了导致筒形基础安装失败的原因,对日后该形式海工结构物海上安装具有一定的工程借鉴意义。     

非饱和砂土的表观粘聚力研究

以不同粒度的砂,在不同的含水量情况下,采用无侧限压缩试验的方法,研究非饱和砂的表观粘聚力与砂的粒度、含水量等的关系。试验表明,在研究范围内,非饱和砂的表观粘聚力随含水量的增加而升高,并且随粒度的减小而升高,随粒度的增大而减小。     

Estimation of natural frequencies and damping using dynamic field data from an offshore wind turbine

The dynamic characteristics of offshore wind turbines are heavily affected by environmental loads from wave and wind action and nonlinear soil behaviour. In the design of the monopile structures, the fatigue load due to wind and wave loading is one of the most important problems to consider. Since the fatigue damage is sensitive to the foundation stiffness and damping, increasing the accuracy of analysis tools used in the design and optimization process can improve the reliability of the structure and reduce conservatism, thereby leading to a more cost-efficient design. In this context, analysis of field data is important for calibrating and verifying purposes. This paper presents analysis of measured accelerations and strains from a wind farm in the North Sea with monopile foundations. Field data during idling conditions, collected over long periods of operation, are analysed and the natural frequencies are determined, and damping is estimated. The measured natural frequencies are compared to calculated values using an aero-servo-hydro-elastic code, showing a good agreement in the frequency range below 2 Hz. Variation of the natural frequencies with intensity of loading may indicate effect of soil nonlinearity on the overall OWT response. Since the first natural bending modes have the largest potential to mobilize soil reactions, they are of primary interest in this context. The effect of load (wave, wind and dynamic bending moment) on the first natural frequency is investigated using different analysis techniques in the frequency domain and time domain. A clear correlation between load level and first natural frequency is demonstrated. A simple nonlinear SSI model of the tower/soil system is employed to numerically investigate the observed changes in the measured first natural frequency with the level of loading and increased overall damping. The simulated results reproduce the general trends in the observed reduction in the first natural frequency and increased damping ratio with the load level. However, the effect of the load level is less than that observed in the measurements, indicating contribution also from other factors than soil nonlinearity.     

联络通道冻结施工近隧道端土体温度场分布及管片保温措施优化

为了研究人工冻结法施工联络通道中近隧道端土体温度场的分布规律以及管片散热对土体温度场的影响,采用现场实测和数值计算的方法,对土体温度场分布、冻结壁厚度和管片保温措施进行分析。结果表明:土体温度、冻结壁扩展厚度均随深度的增加呈指数型变化,当深度大于2.2 m时冻结壁厚度和冻土温度场基本稳定;联络通道的冻结壁沿长度方向可划分为2侧交界面段与正常冻结段;冻结管间距是影响交界面段冻结壁厚度的重要因素之一,因此辅助冻结面冻结壁是联络通道施工中的主要风险点之一;管片散热对土体影响范围与冻结时间呈对数关系,随着冻结时间的延长,影响范围将逐步扩大;为保证交界面区域的冻结效果,可在钢管片内部靠近土体一侧增设5 cm夹心保温层或改良管片壁后注浆材料2种管片保温,优化后交界面靠近管片位置冻结壁厚度可提升约24%。     

软基处理技术在辽宁省滨海地区废弃盐滩中的综合应用

本文通过辽宁省滨海公路大连市金州北海至葫芦套段七顶山盐场废弃盐滩软基处理的施工,总结了抛石挤淤、堆载预压、强夯置换等软基处理方法在滨海地区软基处理中的综合应用、施工工艺、质量控制手段和质量检验方法。     

软基施工段数据观测与分析

依托无锡至张家港高速公路建设项目软基处治工程,在施工现场布设观测传感器,实施施工期观测,获取了填土高度与沉降、土压力、水平位移间的关系曲线,指导软土路基的设计、施工和路堤稳定性监控。     

复合固结稳定铁尾矿砂砾基层技术的研究与应用

对铁尾矿做路面基层的材料选择、配合比设计和施工工艺进行了较详细的阐述。     

交通活动对道路两侧土壤中重金属含量的影响

道路上的车辆是导致道路两侧土壤污染的主要因素。在这些污染物中,以重金属对土壤的污染受到人们最为广泛的关注。车辆的排放物是导致道路两侧土壤重金属污染与积累的重要原因,这些排放物包括：汽油中铅的化合物、润滑油的燃烧、汽车轮胎与道路的磨擦产生的微尘、刹车里衬的机械磨损等。同时,道路所处的自然环境,如地形地貌、降水量、日照量、季风等也决定了这些重金属在道路两侧的累积程度和分布格局。此外,道路上车辆的主要类型、车流量的大小也对土壤中重金属含量有较大的影响。总的来说,道路两侧土壤中的重金属呈带状分布于道路两侧,且含量随距离的增加呈指数形式下降。