国外舰艇建造工艺技术概况

分别从数字化造船、舰体、舾装、焊接等方面介绍了以美国为首的军事强国的舰艇建造工艺技术。     

中厚板高强钢冷热多丝复合埋弧焊热循环参数测量

为解决中厚板高强钢埋弧焊(Submerged Arc Welding, SAW)焊缝热影响区(Heat Affected Zone, HAZ)热循环参数准确测量难题，自主研制多通道热电偶测温软/硬件系统，测量并比较不同焊丝组合(单丝和冷热多丝复合)对应的焊缝HAZ热循环主要参数。试验结果表明：与单丝SAW工艺相比，冷热多丝复合SAW工艺可解决SAW较大热输入产生的焊缝HAZ脆化问题，提高焊缝组织性能和焊接质量；在中厚板高强钢焊接过程中，冷热多丝复合SAW工艺可为温度场数值模拟计算分析提供实测数据，为各种工艺参数的确定与优化、焊缝HAZ的组织性能改善提供必要的理论基础。     

船用5083铝合金随焊滚压工艺的有限元计算

船用5083铝合金在焊接过程中较易出现热裂纹，主要原因是在脆性温度区间存在较大的收缩内应力。为此，对随焊滚压工艺进行研究，采用有限元分析软件MSC.Marc进行焊接工艺模拟，综合考虑焊接热源模型、材料性能和滚压等边界条件，建立船用5083铝合金工件的随焊滚压有限元模型，对比船用5083铝合金薄板在普通焊接工艺及随焊滚压工艺下的焊后残余应力。计算结果表明，在随焊滚压工艺下选择合适的轮枪距及压下量可有效降低焊后残余应力。     

中厚度船用钢焊接技术发展现状

从电弧焊技术、埋弧焊技术、气体保护焊技术、搅拌摩擦焊（Friction Stir Welding，FSW）技术和激光焊技术等方面，对比中厚度船用钢各种焊接技术的特点和应用基础。研究发现，基于船用钢材料本身的裂纹敏感性和焊接厚度的增加，中厚度船用钢焊接技术应向激光-电弧复合焊发展，以解决现有焊接技术的焊接难点。     

船用柴油机气门推杆结合部杆身与钢球焊接质量检测方法的改进

本文分析了拉力法检测船用柴油机气门推杆的杆身与钢球之间的焊接质量,提出了压力检测的原理和方法,保证了焊接质量检测的合理性。     

Determination of t8/5 cooling times for underwater local dry welding of steel

Knowledge of thermal history is the basic condition for studying the structure - properties of welded joints. The determinant of thermal history is the thermal cycle, whose in-situ measurements are still a big challenge. Water as the welding environment complicates this issue even more. The article presents a method to determine an equation for calculating t_8/5 cooling times for underwater gas metal arc welding of unalloyed steels using the local dry cavity method. The work uses the contact method of temperature measurements with the use of thermocouples to obtain the temperature changes of the points of welded joints covered by the thermal field. On this basis, the values of the t_8/5 cooling times were determined. A regression analysis of the Response Surface Method was used to determine the equation, which resulted in a second-order model with interactions. Statistically significant factors were determined (thickness of welded elements and heat input value) and the model veracity was confirmed as the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance (homoscedasticity) of the residuals were met. The t_8/5 cooling time values depend on the thickness of the welded elements and heat input value in a nonlinear way. In terms of the test conditions, the cooling times ranged from 3.0 to 7.7 s. The equation allowed for the calculation of t_8/5 cooling times during underwater welding of unalloyed steels using the local dry cavity method based on the variability of the experimental conditions with satisfactory accuracy.     

工艺参数对原油船用耐蚀钢DWSAW焊接接头的影响

论述前后丝模式、焊接电流、焊接电压和焊接速度对国产原油船用耐蚀钢双丝埋弧焊（Double Wire Submerged Arc Welding，DWSAW）焊缝成型的影响，开展耐蚀钢DWSAW工艺试验，分析耐蚀钢DWSAW焊接接头的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明，国产原油船用耐蚀钢具有良好的DWSAW适应性，采用合适的焊接工艺可获得力学性能和耐腐蚀性能兼顾的焊接接头。