中日高速公路养护作业控制区对比研究

以日本阪神高速公路养护作业控制区的实际布置为例,与我国JTG H30-2015《公路养护安全作业规程》中的相关规定进行了详细对比分析,从而得出中日两国之间在高速公路养护作业控制区布置方面的差异,对指导我国高速公路养护作业控制区划分及其相关研究有一定的参考价值。     

注浆加固对近水库隧道裂隙密集带区地下水渗流场的影响性分析

利用Visual-modflow三维可视化渗流软件建模分析了邻近水库裂隙密集带地层，隧道开挖至注浆前后全过程地下水渗流场分布规律。结合隧址区水库、裂隙密集带等水力联系的影响，研究了隧道施工未扰动下渗流场演变过程。结果表明，毛洞开挖后裂隙水垂直补给隧道，影响范围很大，水库方向的反向补给或贯通排泄并不明显；隧道初期支护有利于保持地下水流场稳定，由于密集裂隙带的存在，横断面渗流变化与毛洞状态初期较为接近；随着注浆加固止水效果的提升，地下水向隧道内汇集的趋势减弱且范围减小，当围岩渗透系数折减到90%时，与初始渗流场较为接近，表明良好的防水体系对维持地下水渗流场稳定发挥了较好的作用；密集裂隙带的存在仅对局部渗流场有影响，对隧道和水库之间的水力联系并无显著影响。     

针对儿童座椅拉拽失效的车身结构改进

在乘用车前期设计阶段,为让儿童保护的安全性能得到控制和优化,以某乘用车根据国家安全法规要求进行儿童座椅拉拽台架试验时,ISOFIX固定装置出现焊点从车身上拉脱失效为例,基于焊点热影响区损伤的焊点失效准则和钣金断裂失效准则,运用有限元分析对其进行虚拟评估和结构改进,有限元分析与试验结果吻合良好。改进结构通过了儿童座椅拉拽台架试验,表明了基于儿童座椅拉拽安全性能的车身结构强度分析具有很好的可靠性和适用性。     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.     

基于UG软件汽车仪表板凸出物快速查找

为了提高汽车被动安全性能,参考国标GB—11552中相关头部碰撞的标准,详细论述了利用UG软件的二次开发功能,确定仪表板水平线、头部碰撞区域及碰撞区内凸出物的方法。在此基础上开发出了快速确定仪表板碰撞区及碰撞区内凸出物的模块,通过简单仪表板模型测试,结果与实际情况基本一致,缩短了整车开发周期并降低了开发成本。     

基于D-P准则的深埋隧道破碎化分区规律研究

深部洞室开挖因应力重分布而使围岩出现松动区、塑性区、弹性区,基于D-P准则对深埋隧道围岩破碎化分区提出划分准则,利用ANSYS软件分析不同埋深3个区域发展状况并与规范推荐荷载高度进行对比,揭示埋深对松动区、塑性区半径的影响。研究结果表明,Rp,Rc与埋深H近似呈线性关系,与芬纳公式走向基本一致;当埋深超过某一临界埋深时,松动区迅速发展而呈现指数型增长;松动区分布形态及范围随埋深不同而呈现明显差异。     

大瑞铁路老红坡隧道穿越接触带单侧涌泥处理技术

大瑞铁路老红坡隧道穿越可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带施工单侧发生涌泥大变形地质灾害。通过分析变形开裂及地质成因，正洞内采用迂回导坑方案探明涌泥体范围，采用洞内扩挖工作洞室，在隧道单侧轮廓外施作超前水平注浆+高压水平旋喷桩加固及超前水平长大管棚的方案进行处理，并对该段支护及衬砌结构调整加强。依据现场工况，采用三台阶法分部、分段拆换作业，在钢架拱脚增设临时仰拱或临时横撑控制收敛变形，及时施作格栅钢架模筑衬砌，变形稳定后再施作永久二次衬砌。该技术在大瑞铁路老红坡隧道单侧突泥涌水地质灾害处治施工实践中得到了成功应用，取得了良好效果。     

高原冻土区隧道施工地下水防治探讨

通过对高原冻土区隧道特殊的工程、水文地质及环境条件分析认为，隧道施工对温度场、应力场和地下水流场产生较大的影响。在此基础上，提出采用超前地质预报、连通试验等技术，并结合昆仑山隧道、风火山隧道、达坂山隧道等工程实践，对高原冻土区隧道施工地下水防治措施进行了有益的探讨。     

支井河特大桥扣锚体系岩锚的设计与施工

结合支井河特大桥扣锚索系统岩锚的设计与施工，详细介绍了预应力岩锚的结构计算、施工工艺及质量控制，并阐述了地质缺陷的处理方法。     

Analysis of velocity fluctuations and their intermittency properties in the surf zone using empirical mode decomposition

We consider here surf zone turbulence measurements, recorded in the Eastern English Channel using a sonic anemometer. In order to characterize the intermittent properties of their fluctuations at many time scales, we analyze the experimental time series using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method. The series is decomposed into a sum of modes, each one narrow-banded, and we show that some modes are associated with the energy containing wave breaking scales, and other modes are associated with small-scale intermittent fluctuations. We use the EMD approach in association with a newly developed method based on Hilbert spectral analysis, representing the probability density function in an amplitude–frequency space. We then characterize the fluctuations in a stochastic framework using a cumulant generating function for all scales, and compare the results obtained from direct and classical structure function analysis, to EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis results, showing that the former method saturates at large scales, whereas the latter method is more precise in its scale approach. These results show the strength of the new EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis method for data presenting a strong forcing such as found in shallow water, wave dominated situations.