The role of volume-delay functions in forecasting and evaluating congestion charging schemes: the Stockholm case

This paper uses observations from before and during the Stockkholm congestion charging trial in order to validate and improve a transportation model for Stockholm. The model overestimates the impact of the charges on traffic volumes while at the same time it substantially underestimates the impact on travel times. These forecast errors lead to considerable underestimation of economic benefits which are dominated by travel time savings. The source of error lies in the static assignment that is used in the model. Making the volume-delay functions (VDFs) steeper only marginally improves the quality of forecast but strongly impacts the result of benefit calculations. We therefore conclude that the dynamic assignment is crucial for an informed decision on introducing measures aimed at relieving congestion. However, in the absence of such a calibrated dynamic model for a city, we recommend that at least a sensitivity analysis with respect to the slope of VDFs is performed.     

Exploring active transportation investments and associated benefits for municipal budgets: a scoping review

Municipalities play an important role in the planning and development of communities that support active transportation (AT), which refers to human-powered modes of travel, such as walking and cycling. Municipal-level stakeholders involved in land-use and transportation infrastructure planning consider multiple social, environmental and economic considerations to inform decision-making and investments in AT. Evidence around the fiscal benefits of AT investment for local governments has not been systematically identified. This scoping review sought to explore the existing evidence regarding investments in AT and opportunities for savings on municipal expenditures and revenue generation. In total, 7060 records were located and screened; of which 162 full-text articles were reviewed. Ultimately, 23 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The available evidence focuses on potential economic benefits of AT in the areas of tax revenues, property values, consumer spending and employment, all of which are relevant sources of revenue generation in municipal operating budgets. An evidence gap was identified regarding AT infrastructure investments and benefits corresponding to municipal expenditures (e.g. maintenance cost savings). Notably, a large portion of literature was published after 2009, suggesting that municipal-level evidence on the fiscal benefits of AT investments may just be emerging.     

浅析道路工程的经济效益

本文从价值观念出发 ,就道路结构、施工质量及管理、养护等方面 ,对城市道路工程的经济性进行了浅述。     

高速公路局部路线方案动态比选研究

在高速公路初步设计阶段,根据对路线方案后期运营效益定性分析,识别出不同路线方案主要后期运营成本及效益,通过效益调节因子计算路线方案综合效益,按照动态经济比选思路,对各方案工程投资及效益进行定量分析,为决策者选择更优的路线方案提供数据支撑。     

公路隧道互补结合竖井送排的改进型混合通风方式研究

针对特长公路隧道常规分段纵向式通风系统运营费用昂贵的问题，提出采用双洞互补与竖井送排相结合的改进型混合通风方式。在理论分析的前提下给出换气横通道与竖井的合理结合方案，详细推导适用于超出常规双洞互补通风方式限制长度的隧道的改进型混合通风方式计算方法；通过比较传统分段通风方式和改进型混合通风方式的交通风与隧道结构利用效率，对改进型混合通风方案的经济效益进行工程实例分析。结果表明：改进型混合通风方式与常规分段纵向式通风方式相比，前者有效地提高了交通风的利用率，降低了由于交通风太过富余而对隧道通风产生的不利影响，同时减少了资源的浪费；在最不利的行车阻滞工况下，改进型混合通风方式需要通过竖井进行送排的风量之和由1 723.06 m³·s^-1降至804.62 m³·s^-1，降幅达53.3％，有效地减少了轴流风机的功率，降低了对竖井的设计要求；在隧道通风最不利工况下，射流风机的配机功率提高了84%，轴流风机配机功率降低了52.4%，虽然射流风机购置费用增加，但总配机功率仍然减少13.1%，极大地节省了运营费用；在土建方面，改进型混合通风方式增加了2个横风道，取消了部分送排联络通道，相互抵消，但竖井的规模减小，土建费用有所下降；改进型混合通风方式增加了2条排烟通道，解决了双洞互补通风方式中火灾排烟困难的问题。     

泡沫沥青冷再生施工技术节能减排效益分析

泡沫沥青冷再生施工作为一种路面废旧材料再生利用新型冷再生技术,其混合料除了具有良好的路用性能,施工中还可以起到明显的节能减排作用,是发展循环经济、创建环境友好节约型社会的重要举措,目前已开始得到应用和推广;通过对泡沫沥青冷再生施工技术节能效益分析,了解其节约资源、保护环境、减少污染、降低造价等优点。     

沥青路面热接热摊铺工艺经济性分析

为了确定经济性较好的沥青路面摊铺工艺,基于沥青路面施工时的机械配置,考虑不同车道,深入对比分析了顺序摊铺、双层摊铺和传统摊铺的技术经济效益。结果表明：中国摊铺机制造技术比较成熟,顺序摊铺经济效益较好,国产顺序摊铺设备自主研发无论从技术还是经济分析上均是可行的。     

土工格栅加筋土及其在桥梁接线中的应用

论述了土工格栅加筋土的作用机理、加筋材料、应用领域及施工方法，工程实践证明采用此技术具有显著的效益，其应用前景广阔。     

自航耙吸式挖泥船艏吹施工工艺及效益分析

在黄骅港内航道、港池、泊位水域，采用自航耙吸式挖泥船艏吹施工工艺进行吹填施工，提高了效率，节约了成本，减少疏浚船舶施工与正常航行作业船舶之间的干扰，保证了进出港船舶正常运行。     

城市智能交通管理系统效益评价研究

为了更加科学、全面的反应智能交通管理系统建设项目效益,本文提出包括交通运行状况、交通管理效能、交通安全效益和社会经济效益四个维度的评价指标体系,同时,为了保证评价指标体系具有可操作性,引入相关度的概念来量化各项指标与智能交通管理系统各组成之间的相关程度。基于本文的研究成果,可为今后开展智能交通管理系统项目效益评价工作提供借鉴。