应力剪胀对浅埋偏压隧道破坏面形状的影响

采用有限差分软件,对浅埋偏压单线铁路隧道和四车道公路隧道进行数值模拟。研究了围岩的松动土体力学行为,主要考虑应力剪胀对浅埋偏压隧道破坏面形状的影响,并将数值模拟的结果与规范理论解进行了比较。结果表明：剪胀角对浅埋偏压隧道围岩位移和破坏面形状有较大影响。因此,在确定浅埋偏压隧道围岩松动压力时应该考虑剪胀对破坏面形状的影响。     

偏压连拱隧道施工顺序优化研究

以某隧道为例,从满应力设计的基本思想出发,考虑隧道本身结构及洞周围岩的受力和稳定性．提出了一个反映中墙和支护结构及围岩在施工过程中的受力的综合优化模型,对偏压连拱隧道的施工顺序进行了优化。并通过工程实例分析,验证了所提出优化方法的可行性,对类似的偏压连拱隧道工程的施工具有指导意义和参考价值。     

洞口段浅埋偏压隧道新型防护结构及其简化计算方法

针对现有洞口段浅埋偏压隧道支护结构在施工时所存在的容易坍塌、整体位移过大等问题,在充分发挥抗滑桩、锚索和管棚优点的基础上,利用交叉施工和分时注浆方法,提出一种洞口段浅埋偏压隧道新型防护结构。建立地形偏压下防护结构的简化分析模型,并利用M法对防护结构在地形偏压下的内力和位移进行求解;然后利用变形协调条件对结构的内力和位移进行修正,最终得出该新型结构在地形和施工偏压联合作用下的受力和变形状况。结合算例,对新型防护结构的内力和位移分布规律进行分析,并将计算结果与ADINA模拟结果进行对比,验证了简化计算方法的可靠性,为该新型结构的分析与设计提供了理论基础和依据。     

偏压连拱隧道围岩变形的现场监测与分析研究

结合宜(宾)水(富)高速公路鞋底坡双连拱隧道施工过程,通过对偏压连拱隧道的围岩变形进行现场监测与分析,获得了隧道围岩在地层偏压条件下。各施工阶段的地表沉降、拱顶下沉和水平收敛情况,有效地控制了隧道围岩变形。通过对量测结果的对比、分析得出：在偏压连拱隧道施工过程中,隧道初期支护变形整体由左洞向右洞方向偏移;对隧道围岩变形影响最大的工序发生在隧道旌工由单侧过渡到双侧施工时。在施工过程中偏压连拱隧道的现场测试与分析,不仅为隧道的支护体系设计优化提供依据,而且还可以指导隧道现场施工,所得的数据和结论可为同类隧道的设计,施工和研究提供有益的借鉴和参考。     

大茅隧道右洞病害分析与整治设计

介绍了大茅隧道右洞病害的现状,对病害原因进行了全面的分析.综合比较各种整治方案后,总体采用增设套拱和防水层方案进行彻底整治,对此方案进行了阐述.     

初始偏位梁式桥墩柱力学性能分析

对于中小跨径梁式桥,墩高较大且墩柱数量较多,施工过程中墩柱偏位现象时有发生.围绕墩柱初始偏位,归纳墩柱偏位出现类型,分析其内力分布特征,并以某墩柱偏位超限高墩连续梁桥为例,建立全桥杆系结构与墩柱实体结构有限元模型,分析墩柱偏位超限对主梁、墩柱的内力、变形及稳定性的影响.结果表明:从理论上,墩位偏位后将产生附加的弯矩、剪...     

龙潭隧道洞口浅埋偏压段处治技术

根据沪蓉西高速公路龙潭隧道复杂地质情况及洞口浅埋偏压的条件,介绍洞口地面注浆加固、洞口段施工关键技术及发生变形后的加固处理措施,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

Selection bias in build-operate-transfer transportation project appraisals

Recent empirical studies have found widespread inaccuracies in traffic forecasts despite the fact that travel demand forecasting models have been significantly improved over the past few decades. We suspect that an intrinsic selection bias may exist in the competitive project appraisal process, in addition to the many other factors that contribute to inaccurate traffic forecasts. In this paper, we examine the potential for selection bias in the governmental process of Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) transportation project appraisals. Although the simultaneous consideration of multiple criteria is typically used in practice, traffic flow estimate is usually a key criterion in these appraisals. For the purposes of this paper, we focus on the selection bias associated with the highest flow estimate criterion. We develop two approaches to quantify the level and chance of inaccuracy caused by selection bias: the expected value approach and the probability approach. The expected value approach addresses the question “to what extent is inaccuracy caused by selection bias?”. The probability approach addresses the question “what is the chance of inaccuracy due to selection bias?”. The results of this analysis confirm the existence of selection bias when a government uses the highest traffic forecast estimate as the priority criterion for BOT project selection. In addition, we offer some insights into the relationship between the extent/chance of inaccuracy and other related factors. We do not argue that selection bias is the only reason for inaccurate traffic forecasts in BOT projects; however, it does appear that it could be an intrinsic factor worthy of further attention and investigation.     

山岭隧道浅埋偏压段综合治理技术浅谈

贵广铁路贺街隧道进口位于浅埋偏压地段,前期施工过程中各种地质灾害屡有发生,并且多次发生大型滑塌、初支侵限、结构大变形现象,对施工进度、安全、质量均产生不同程度影响,为山岭隧道浅埋偏压施工困难之典型。本文系统介绍了如何采取措施确保结构稳定性和综合治理措施以及受力转换合理性,实践证明隧道安全施工得以保证。     

Hypothetical bias in Stated Choice Experiments: Is it a problem? And if so,how do we deal with it?

The extent to which Stated Choice (SC) experiments suffer from hypothetical bias continues to be a controversial topic in the literature. This research provides further evidence in this debate by examining the existence of hypothetical bias in a transport-related SC experiment. Data for this research were sourced from a University of Sydney study exploring the effect of exposure-based charging on motorist behaviour. The sample included 148 Sydney motorists who were recruited to take part in the 10-week GPS driving field study (Revealed Preference/RP data). In addition, participants were also required to complete an SC survey which was designed to mimic the RP decision context in order to capture what participants indicated they would do as opposed to what participants actually did in reaction to the charging regime.The current state of practice for measuring hypothetical bias in the literature is to compare aggregate differences in model outcomes using SC and RP data sources. Aggregate analysis is limited in its scope and does not allow for the calculation of the prevalence of hypothetical bias (i.e., how many participants are affected by hypothetical bias). This research is uniquely structured to allow for individual categorisation of hypothetical bias by comparing SC and RP data from the same sample for the direct purpose of investigating the prevalence of hypothetical bias. Furthermore, the extent to which mitigation techniques (cheap talk and certainty scales) influence hypothetical bias is also explored. The findings from this research show that the SC model estimates are prone to hypothetical bias and that the mitigation techniques have potential to compensate for this inherent bias.