Optimization of horizontal alignment geometry in road design and reconstruction

This paper presents a general formulation for optimization of horizontal road alignment, composed of tangential segments and circular curves suitably connected with transition curves (clothoids). It consists of a constrained optimization problem where the objective function is given by a line integral along the layout. The integrand is a function representing the cost of the road going through each point and, by considering different costs, a wide range of problems can be included in this formulation. To show it, we apply this methodology to three different situations. The two first cases are related with the design of a new road layout and used to solve a pair of academic examples. The third problem deals with the improvement of a road adapting the old path to current legislation, and it is solved taking as case study the reconstruction project for a regional road (NA-601) in the north of Spain.     

Optimization of transport investment and pricing policies: the role of transport pricing in network design

This paper investigates the role of transport pricing in network design and describes two facts about flow pattern in a transportation system. The first, illustrated by an example of Braess paradox, is that adding a new link to the network does not necessarily minimize the total travel time. The second is that introducing of appropriate toll pricing may reduce not only the total network time but also the travel time for each individual traveller. It follows with the investigations of different system objectives and different pricing policies (only toll pricing and distance‐based pricing are considered), and shows how they affect the system performance and flow pattern. Lastly, a systematic optimization process is proposed for integrated planning of transport network and pricing policies.     

Innovative systems for the transportation disadvantaged: Toward more efficient and operationally usable planning tools

When considering innovative forms of public transport for specific groups, such as demand responsive services, the challenge is to find a good balance between operational efficiency and 'user friendliness' of the scheduling algorithm even when specialized skills are not available. Regret insertion-based processes have shown their effectiveness in addressing this specific concern. We introduce a new class of hybrid regret measures to understand better why the behaviour of this kind of heuristic is superior to that of other insertion rules. Our analyses show the importance of keeping a good balance between short- and long-term strategies during the solution process. We also use this methodology to investigate the relationship between the number of vehicles needed and total distance covered - the key point of any cost analysis striving for greater efficiency. Against expectations, in most cases decreasing fleet size leads to savings in vehicle mileage, since the heuristic solution is still far from optimality.     

自行车在城市交通中的定位

自行车交通具有方便、快捷、无污染的优点,但也存在不少问题,应认真研究其特点及其对城市交通的影响,以便对自行车交通进行科学合理的规划和引导,明确自行车在城市交通中的定位及发展方向。     

装载机连杆机构优化设计

结合传统设计方法和现代优化方法有效地解决了原设计中装载机不能满足平移性和自动放平性的问题;在用作图法确定铰接点大致位置的基础上,建立了连杆机构参数化模型,并对模型进行了优化研究。结果表明:新机构能满足平移性和自动放平性要求。该方法对类似的机构优化问题有一定的参考价值。     

高桥墩桩基础的优化设计及因素分析

在高桥墩桩基屈曲能量法分析的基础上,提出兼顾结构稳定、强度和经济性的优化模型,并应用优化算法中非线性序列二次规划法,进行优化设计探讨,同时给出优化设计算法流程图,编制了相应的优化计算程序;为了解桥墩高度、轴向荷载、地基比例系数和混凝土弹性模量对于高桥墩桩基屈曲的影响,结合优化设计模型进行了因素分析,探讨了参数变量对目标函数最优值的影响规律和程度,比较结果说明,在进行高桥墩桩基的屈曲受力分析时,高桥墩的大变形影响不容忽视;而一般在工程设计中,可考虑将桩周土体和混凝土弹性模量的增强作用作为设计的安全储备。     

路桥过渡段路基加固体的拓扑优化

应用拓扑优化理论,采用简化的假定条件,基于应变能最小即刚度最大原理,对路桥过渡段路基加固体的结构布置形式进行了优化。通过分析荷载模式、填高、加固长度和面积等因素对最优拓扑图形的影响,得出了路桥过渡段路基加固体的最优布置方式。拓扑优化结果表明：路桥过渡段路基加固的不同区域对结构刚度的贡献排序为,固定端附近区域-中间偏上区域-中间偏下区域-路基顶面远端区域;上长下短的倒梯形布置形式的结构刚度最大,其抵抗地基沉降变形的能力最强,表明目前桥头常用的倒梯形布置形式具有理论上的合理性;路基加固体底面布置长度应不小于2 m,由下向上斜率应缓于1∶1。     

动力总成悬置系统建模与解耦优化

将悬置看作弹簧阻尼元件,优化动力总成悬置系统的刚度矩阵,从而合理布置各阶频率,使模态间振动解耦。通过Maxwell力学模型求解悬置的频变特性和幅变特性,并建立含该力学模型的整车刚柔耦合动力学模型。计算出的整车系统振动响应表明,解耦优化后的悬置系统明显改善了悬置系统的隔振效果。     

集装箱码头运营优化研究

集装箱码头运营优化主要有船舶计划、运输优化、存储与堆放物流和码头仿真研究等4个领域.介绍了集装箱码头的作业系统运营优化中各个领域的国内外研究概况,在此基础上比较分析了国内研究存在的问题,指出了进一步研究的方向.     

基于Cruise自卸车动力经济性仿真分析与优化

动力性、经济性是评价车辆性能的重要指标,也是产品开发过程中需要重点考虑的内容。针对某款重卡车的动力性、经济性,利用AVL的计算分析软件Cruise进行仿真分析,并将计算结果与实验结果进行对比,结果吻合较好。在此模型基础上,对拓展车型的多种匹配方案进行优化分析计算,并确定最佳方案。