图像处理技术在船舶推进器空泡试验中的应用研究

运用数字图像技术和AutoCAD2000图形软件,探索了处理螺旋桨桨叶上空泡图像的问题,利用桨叶空间曲面网格和桨叶空泡图像对比的方式给出了浆叶上空泡区域的边缘,同时还指出了使这一技术实用化需要作的工作。对于空泡体积这一问题,提出了结构光方式的测量模型,它比已报道的同类方法有较高的操作效率。     

弯管中流体在简谐摇摆条件下的附加力模型分析

为了给浮动式核动力平台给水泵或凝水泵在海洋条件下的稳定运行提供计算依据，对弯管中流体在简谐海洋条件下所受附加力的模型进行了理论推导，根据模型推导结果对凝水泵入口管道中的一段弯管进行计算，并与直管中流体的附加力模型计算结果进行了对比。研究表明，直管与弯管模型计算的附加压降的差异幅度很小，差值随时间为周期性变化；摇摆周期越大，摇摆角度越小，弯管与直管的附加压降差别越小；在一般的工程计算中可将弯管近似为直管，从而简化计算。     

Cavitation erosion research in France: the state of the art

An important part of the French research program on cavitation erosion, conducted from 1980 to 1995, was devoted to pitting. Histograms of pit size have been extensively used to characterise the hydrodynamic aggressiveness of a cavitating flow. Numerous erosion tests, limited to the incubation period, were carried out on similar test sections, for different velocities, liquids, length scales, and materials. Scaling laws were discussed and two kinds of methods for prediction of the erosion rate were proposed. The first one is based upon the estimation of the aggressiveness of the prototype cavitating flow, from pitting tests on a model and the simulation of the prototype histogram of pits on an appropriate device. The second one is based upon a correlation between the advanced stage of erosion and the incubation period, consisting of a proper adimensionalization of the mass-loss curve. After several years of research and the development of special facilities, devices and techniques, more deterministic procedures for predicting cavitation erosion could now be developed, based not upon erosion tests, but upon the characterization of the aggressiveness of the cavitating flow in terms of impact loads and the analysis of the mechanical and metallurgical response of the material to successive impacts.     

柴油机非对称喷油嘴内部空化流动特性的数值研究

柴油机喷油嘴内部喷嘴流量和空化现象直接影响到燃油的喷射和雾化,进而影响柴油机的性能和排放。以两种非对称柴油机喷油嘴——小压力室喷油嘴(mini-sac)和无压力室喷油嘴(VCO)为例,通过Fluent软件对其进行空化和流量数值仿真,研究入口压力和背压参数对质量流量变化的影响。研究结果表明:在相同进出口压力下,mini-sac型喷油嘴各孔的流量均比VCO型的大;在较低和中等进口压力下VCO型喷油嘴各孔比mini-sac型更容易产生空化,而在较高的进口压力下这两种类型喷油嘴各孔产生空化难易程度基本一致;当进口压力不变时,随着出口压力的降低,在无空化产生时其质量流量与压力差呈线性关系;当空化出现时其质量流量继续增加,当出现超空化现象时该孔的质量流量不再变化;随着各孔的轴向夹角的增大,流量越小,空化越容易;对于这两种喷油嘴来说,只有mini-sac型孔3和孔4的空化出现在喷孔的上端和下端,其余孔的空化都只产生在上端。     

扩张喷管与收缩喷管中空化现象的数值模拟

对扩张与收缩喷管中的空化特性进行了数值模拟研究,综述了空化现象的基础理论,建立了喷油器的几何模型;确定了运算的物理和数学模型以及相关条件;重点研究了在同一工况下,不同喷管扩张系数对喷管中空化流的影响,模拟了不同喷管扩张系数下喷管中空化现象的特征;总结出喷管的扩张系数对喷管中空化流的影响规律。数值计算结果表明,扩张喷孔随着扩张程度的加大,空化现象加剧,而收缩喷孔则不利空化的产生。     

超声波及其在水处理领域的应用

本文对超声波技术的作用机理、影响因素做了简单讨论,并介绍了超声波技术在废水处理和污泥调理等方面的研究和应用,文章最后介绍了几种超声波与其他水处理技术的联用技术。     

A suggestion of gap flow control devices for the suppression of rudder cavitation

This paper presents the numerical analysis of rudder cavitation in propeller slipstream and the development of a new rudder system aimed for lift augmentation and cavitation suppression. The new rudder system is equipped with cam devices which effectively close the gap between the horn/pintle and movable wing parts. A computational fluid dynamics code that solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations is used to analyze the flow field of various rudder systems in propeller slipstream. The body force momentum source terms that mimic flow field behind a rotating propeller are added in the momentum equations to represent the influence of the propeller and its slipstream. For detailed explication of the new rudder system’s lift augmentation and cavitation suppression mechanism, three-dimensional flow analysis is carried out. Simulations clearly display the mechanism of the lift augmentation and cavitation suppression. The computational results suggest that the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based computational fluid dynamics reproduces the flow field around a rudder in propeller slipstream and that the present concept for a cavitation suppressing rudder system is highly feasible and warrant further study for inclusion of the interaction with hull and mechanical design for manufacturing and operations.     

4250 TEU集装箱船舵空泡试验研究

大型集装箱船航速高,主机功率大,实船航运中半平衡舵上易产生由空泡引起的剥蚀危害。为改善这种状况,在船研所空泡水筒进行了4 250 TEU集装箱船舵空泡试验研究。观察操舵过程中舵空泡产生的情况,探讨降低舵剥蚀的方法,延长舵的有效使用年限。     

华能曹妃甸煤码头工程绞吸船施工工艺优化

曹妃甸围海造陆吹填工程土质具有颗粒细、吹距长等特点,绞吸船产能较低,为提高绞吸船施工产能、降低施工成本,采用对绞吸船挖掘和输送分析、泥泵气蚀点分析等方法研究绞吸船施工,优化其施工工艺。优化后的施工工艺使曹妃甸围海造陆吹填工程绞吸船施工产能提高了15%,节约施工成本的同时也缩短了工期。     

柴油机喷油泵柱塞穴蚀成因与预防措施研究

针对柴油机柱塞式喷油泵柱塞穴蚀现象,建立喷油泵柱塞偶件模型,利用计算流体力学技术对喷油泵腔内燃油压力场与速度场进行计算,研究柱塞螺旋槽与套筒回油孔处穴蚀形成机理。提出减轻穴蚀影响的预防措施,以提高喷油泵工作效率,延长其使用寿命。