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81.
通过大骨节病和克山病共存地区360名小学生手部 X 线、心电图和发、尿硒分析,结果,干骺端病变检出率为16.16%,X 线异常率为37.22%,心电图异常率为13.06%,大骨节病阳性体征和(或)X 线异常总检出率为56.11%;异常心电图与异常 X 线、阳性体征和(或)X 线征符合率分别为53.19%和72%.心电图和 X线2项检出率呈显著正相关关系;心电图、干骺端病变检出率与发、尿硒呈负相关关系.本文结果结合文献报道低硒地区有单独大骨节病、克山病存在的事实,提示病区不同人体硒水平可造成发、尿硒含量与心电图、干骺端病变检出率间有相关关系,也使心电图与 X 线2项检出率间有相关关系。不能单从两病共存地区心电图、干骺端病变、发尿硒间这种相关关系及心电图和 X 线有较高符合率,说低硒是大骨节病、克山病的共同病因,也不能说大骨节病和克山病是同病异症。 相似文献
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Linking land use and transportation in a rapidly urbanizing context: A study in Delhi,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cities in developing countries like India are facing some of the same concerns that North American cities are: congestion and urban growth. However, there is a sense of urgency in cities like Delhi, India in that this growth is far more rapid as both urbanization and motorization are ongoing processes that have not yet peaked. In this paper, we examine land use change and its relationship with transportation infrastructure and other planning related variables in a spatial context. We estimate land use change models at two different scales from separate data. Cellular automation and Markov models were used to understand change at the regional scale and discrete choice models to predict change at the local level. The results suggest that land use in the Delhi metropolitan area is rapidly intensifying while losing variety. These changes are affected by industrial, commercial and infrastructure location and planners and policy-makers need to better understand the implications of location decisions. We also examine these results in the context of a policy framework for data-based planning that links land use and transportation models for Delhi. 相似文献
83.
Igor P. Semiletov Irina I. Pipko Irina Repina Natalia E. Shakhova 《Journal of Marine Systems》2007,66(1-4):204
Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and other non-CO2 radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO2 concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO2. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO2 balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only 4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO2 exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO2 because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO2; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO2 sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO2 budget. Both the direction and amount of CO2 transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO2 accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO2 decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO2 sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO2 ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO2 range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources. 相似文献
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该文结合工程实例,通过埋设土压力盒、现场实测,以及与其他工点实测对比的方法,研究分析了柱板式锚索挡土墙墙背土压力的分布规律。其成果可为类似工程建设提供参考。 相似文献
86.
采用k-ε双方程湍流数学模型,建立了三维内河挖入式港池数学模型,分析了不同主流流速及不同港池轴线与主流流向的夹角对内河挖入式港池内的水流运动特性的影响,获得了港池内回流流速的分布规律。研究结果表明,垂向流速值随着主流流速的增大也相应增大;回流横轴断面上各测线平均流速从回流中心向两侧逐渐增大。数值计算结果与模型试验的对比分析表明,数值模拟能够较好的模拟内河挖入式港池内的回流运动特性。 相似文献
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We examine the various forces influencing the development and uptake of environmentally beneficial technical changes, focusing on airline technology. Within this context, we consider not only the nature of competition within the final market in which aircraft, an intermediate product, are sold, but also that of the product market itself, the commercial airline industry. The reasons for the gradual reduction in CO2 per seat per aircraft movement in aircraft design are examined in terms of the real costs of aviation fuel, changes in the nature of the supply industry, the movement towards carbon cap-trade policies, and endogenous technical progress in the technology of the industry. The latter being taken as an empirical proxy for the role market forms play in influencing the fuel efficiency of the types of aircraft used. The results support the existence of these latter forces on the demand for aircraft types, allowing for other influences that affect aircraft technology. 相似文献
89.
In this paper, a new cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the car and bicycle heterogeneous traffic on urban road. To capture the complex interactions between these two types of vehicles, a novel occupancy rule is adopted in the proposed model to consider the variable lateral distances of mixed vehicular traffic. Based on massive simulations, microscopic fundamental diagrams under different bicycle densities are devised. With these, the bicycle's spilling behavior is then investigated and discussed. In order to reflect the interference of a bicycle on a car, the interference transformation from friction state to block state is modeled explicitly. Finally, different simulation results under different occupancy rules indicate that the constant and fixed occupancy rule adopted in the previous studies might lead to overestimation of car flux in the heterogeneous traffic flows with different bicycle densities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
90.