CD法开挖隧道的顶板破坏机理分析

在隧道修建过程中，CD法被广泛用于软弱围岩隧道和大断面隧道的修建。工程经验表明，CD法比全断面法更能够减少对隧道的扰动，降低顶部围岩塌陷的可能性，但目前对该经验的认识仍缺乏足够深入的了解。比如，CD法隧道顶部的塌陷机理，相比全断面法的定量优势比较等。为此，提出了一种预测CD法开挖隧道顶板破坏机理的运动学方法。推导了确定塌块形状的理论解。所提出的方法与全开挖方法进行了比较，证明了方法的合理性和CD法开挖的优越性。研究发现，与全断面开挖的结果相比，CD法开挖可以显著降低顶板坍塌的高度，提高顶板稳定性的安全系数。     

Experimental and theoretical studies on the lateral collapse of mechanically lined pipes

The mechanically lined pipe, which consists of a thin non-corrosive liner and a carbon steel pipe, is an economical way to transport acidic fluid in offshore applications. However, it is prone to lateral loading and potentially develops plastic collapse and liner separation during the operational stage. The present study examines its crushing performance using small-scale 2-inch lined pipes manufactured by a customized hydroforming facility. The lined pipes comprised a seamless GB45 carbon steel tube and a grade T2 copper liner. Four ring specimens extracted from lined pipes and two single-layer rings were crushed on a universal testing machine in a quasi-static manner. The tube was found to develop an ovalized shape initially and then changed into a "∞" shape in the end. The carrier and liner were found to stay together throughout the crushing process, with slight liner separation taking place. The manufacture and lateral collapse processes were also reproduced with finite element models and nonlinear analytical formulation. The analytical model was established based on the principle of virtual work and nonlinear ring theory, assuming small strain and finite rotation. It showed that the analytical and numerical simulation results agreed with the experimental results. The influence of major parameters of the problem was also studied based on the full-scale lined pipe. Amongst other findings, manufacture-related plastic hardening is shown to affect the load-carrying capacity and the growth of separation during lateral collapse.     

典型道路塌陷探测方法应用及原因分析

我国城市化快速扩张，道路塌陷事故呈多发、频发、复发态势，严重威胁社会安全，造成不良社会影响。在建设韧性城市大背景下，预防道路塌陷，已成为城市建设管理的重要任务。因此，确定有效地进行道路塌陷的探测方法、分析典型道路塌陷的原因具有重要的现实意义。通过对某一典型区域产生空洞前后的物探数据对比，确定探测方法的适用性;通过管道内窥检测、道路沉降监测对塌陷发展过程进行分析，并提出相关建议，为道路塌陷防治提供基础依据。     

深埋TBM隧洞岩性界面区围岩破坏特征与支护技术研究

为保证深埋TBM隧洞岩性界面区域的安全、高效施工，综合应用现场调查、微震监测等手段开展顺隧洞轴向岩性界面区域的围岩破坏特征、微震活动特征研究，并在此基础上开展岩性界面区域破坏围岩支护技术研究。研究结果表明： 1）由于岩性界面区域应力集中，开挖卸荷后围岩更容易破坏，且隧洞围岩南硬北软的特征导致不同类型的破坏以蚀变带为界分布在隧洞两侧，破坏分布具有明显的区域性； 2）岩爆、结构型塌方破坏与微震活动具有良好的空间相关性； 3）当岩爆等级较低时，以结构型塌方为主体进行支护，随着岩爆等级升高，支护及防控的主体逐渐过渡为岩爆。     

那吉航运枢纽工程左岸岸坡塌方原因及处理方案

分析那吉航运枢纽工程上游左岸边坡运行期出现不同程度塌方的原因,认为在涉水岸坡设计中应重视坡脚土体的稳定性、地下水位骤降,以及水流波浪对岸坡的冲刷和吸附作用。对塌岸段提出放缓边坡和水泥搅拌桩加固土体两个处理方案,通过对其在安全、施工、工程投资、工程影响等方面比较推荐了放缓边坡处理方案。