Women’s mode and trip structure choices in daily activity-travel: a developing country perspective

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we analyze the travel patterns of Iranian women, where typical patriarchal views and specific social and cultural norms may differ from the patterns of those in western societies. In addition to inherent psycho-physical gender differences, women in Iran can face special constraints forcing them not to be involved in all activity-travel patterns that people in developed countries usually undertake. We pay special attention to the role of marital and employment status on women’s activity-travel patterns. To this end, we develop a joint mode and daily activity pattern (DAP) discrete choice model, which is a two-level mixed nested Logit. The upper nest of the proposed model embodies women’s DAP choices, and the lower nest belongs to the mode choices. In this paper, we try to show how different factors in a patriarchal Muslim society like Iran affect or restrict women’s type and structure of activity-travel patterns.     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

干扰功率控制技术在雷达抗干扰测试中的应用

研究基于等效模型的功率控制方法在雷达抗干扰性能测试中的技术应用。介绍了功率控制技术的提出背景和技术特点,重点分析了功率控制的等效模型和设计方法。详细叙述了功率控制技术在雷达抗干扰测试中的一个典型应用。     

Use of a probabilistic particle tracking model to simulate the Prestige oil spill

A probabilistic particle tracking model is used to simulate the oil dispersion after the Prestige wreckage. This oil spill constitutes a suitable benchmark to analyze the capabilities of a probabilistic model, since the time elapsed from wreckage to oil landing (12 days) is much longer than the reliability time associated with forecast winds, usually on the order of 3–4 days. The particle model can be run in two different modes: real time mode (when existing reliable wind fields for the event under scope) and in probabilistic mode (in absence of reliable wind fields but with historical fields corresponding to a similar period). The validity of the particle model is first evaluated in a hindcast way, running the Prestige case with the wind fields corresponding to the period November 19 to November 30, 2002, which were not available at the moment of the wreckage. Calculations show the accuracy of the model to provide the right impact point and timing. The probabilistic model is then used to simulate the same event by means of historical data. The region where the oil landed is shown to be the area with the highest probability to be impacted.     

四边固定支承矩形薄板振动分析的有限积分变换法

利用双重有限余弦积分变换的方法推导出了四边固定支承条件下,矩形薄板的固有频率和振型的解析解表达式.由于在求解过程中不需要事先人为地选取挠度函数,而是从弹性薄板的基本振动方程出发,直接利用数学的方法求出可以完全满足四边固定支承的边界条件,弹性矩形薄板的固有频率和振型解析解,使得问题的求解更加合理化.最后,还给出了计算实例来验证文中所采用的方法以及所推导出的公式的正确性.     

地铁车站单双层过河段沉降计算分析

探讨地铁车站单双层地铁站过河段沉降差,采用土的Coulomb-Mohr破坏与屈服准则建立模拟施工过程(包括土体自重变形、开挖、回填等)的三维有限元力学模型,得到施工过程引起的周围岩土应力变化、沉降变形以及地铁单双层过河段的沉降差值.单双层车站最大沉降控制在3 cm以内,最大沉降差控制在1 cm以内,能够满足设计要求.对二维计算结果进行校核,车站单双层的底板、顶板、侧板与中柱在施工过程中各个工况均满足设计要求.     

A methodological approach for developing and assessing business models for flexible transport systems

Flexible transport services include a wide range of demand responsive transport systems that provide non-conventional passenger and freight transportation services. Several alternative business models varying according to the local market conditions, the socio-economic, legal, and institutional framework may be developed for the provision of Flexible Transport Systems (FTS). The objective of this paper is twofold: first to present an integrated methodological framework for developing and assessing alternative FTS business models and second to demonstrate its applicability to a case study regarding the prioritization of alternative FTS business models for the provision of flexible passenger transport services in Helsinki.

Distributed support modelling for vertical track dynamic analysis

The finite length nature of rail-pad supports is characterised by a Timoshenko beam element formulation over an elastic foundation, giving rise to the distributed support element. The new element is integrated into a vertical track model, which is solved in frequency and time domain. The developed formulation is obtained by solving the governing equations of a Timoshenko beam for this particular case. The interaction between sleeper and rail via the elastic connection is considered in an analytical, compact and efficient way. The modelling technique results in realistic amplitudes of the ‘pinned–pinned’ vibration mode and, additionally, it leads to a smooth evolution of the contact force temporal response and to reduced amplitudes of the rail vertical oscillation, as compared to the results from concentrated support models. Simulations are performed for both parametric and sinusoidal roughness excitation. The model of support proposed here is compared with a previous finite length model developed by other authors, coming to the conclusion that the proposed model gives accurate results at a reduced computational cost.     

表层嵌贴CFRP-混凝土界面粘结性能简化分析

为深入研究表层嵌贴碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)加固混凝土结构的界面粘结性能,采用试验与理论分析相结合的方法,分析了混凝土强度、粘结长度和槽边距等因素对界面粘结性能的影响,提出了考虑残余摩擦力的三折线粘结滑移本构模型,并将其简化为无上升段的双折线模型,建立了其界面粘结应力微分方程,通过求解方程得出了解析解的一般形式,推导出界面粘结应力、界面滑移量的分布函数,进而得到了界面粘结承载力的计算公式.最后通过试验对双折线粘结滑移模型进行了验证,并与三折线粘结滑移模型进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:由简化的双折线粘结滑移模型得到的界面粘结行为曲线和基于三折线模型的差异不大,并与试验结果吻合较好;提出的简化分析方法能够较好地描述表层嵌贴CFRP与混凝土的粘结行为.     

强迫布鲁塞尔振子相图的研究

针对强迫布鲁塞尔振子模型的Ｆａｒｅｙ序列与Ｍ．Ｓ．Ｓ序列进行了扩大区域的研究，表明单峰映中看成圆映象的近似，并建立了圆映象的相图，单峰映象的相图及符号动力学间的关系。