Efficiency evaluation and PM emission reallocation of China ports based on improved DEA models

The emission of particulate matter (PM) and other atmospheric pollutants in port operations and shipping have caused a huge negative impact on the environment. Consequently, how to evaluate the environmental efficiency of ports and put forward corresponding countermeasures on this basis is becoming a more important issue than ever before from the perspectives of the government, academia, and society. We construct three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to evaluate the environmental efficiency of ports under the circumstances of environmental control, non-environmental control and PM emission through inter-ports cooperation. The innovation of the DEA models constructed in this paper lies in: (1) Setting environmental control parameters to uniformly manipulate the situations of environmental control and non-environmental control, etc.; (2) Allowing non-equal proportional change of input index, expected output and non-expected output index; (3) Setting preference coefficients for ports to admit favorable decisions; (4) Providing a distance formula of expected output for PM emission reallocation. Further, data from 11 major ports in China are collected to compare the expected output under different PM emission standards assuming the situation of environmental control and non-environmental control, port cooperation, and non-cooperative sewage discharge. The empirical results show that: (1) Ports in the eastern China (Shanghai, Ningbo, and Nanjing) have higher port efficiency; (2) Port cooperation can improve the overall expected output but it will lose its edge with the improvement of PM emission standards. (3) Ports follow the same trend of output loss regardless of favorable decisions. In the end, the author makes a summary, puts forward relevant policy suggestions and makes the recommendation for future research.     

城市综合交通体系规划回顾与展望

回顾改革开放以来中国城市综合交通体系规划在规划定位、规划目标、内容体例、技术方法、规划实施等方面的实践和探索。总结规划编制工作的基本特点:以问题为导向、融合城市总体规划、提倡以人为本理念、广泛应用定量技术方法。指出规划编制和实施过程中存在的不足:规划地位和作用认识不清、价值理念与实际行动脱节、规划实施评估环节缺失、规划管理体制机制缺乏、相关法规技术标准陈旧。结合城市交通发展新趋势,展望未来城市综合交通体系规划的重点方向:强化多规融合、强调以人为核心的规划、加强规划评估和滚动编制、加强技术创新与行业规范、深化政策保障机制研究。     

平顺抛石护岸水毁模式及机理

平顺抛石护岸工程在长江中下游应用较为广泛,能够增强堤岸的抗洪能力,保障沿江城乡防洪安全或控制有利河势。然而,护岸块石常常发生滑落导致抛石护岸破坏。针对抛石护岸的水毁破坏问题,进行了抛石护岸实际水毁情况调研及水槽试验研究,认为平顺抛石护岸水毁主要表现为护岸块石的流失、滑落以及岸坡变形,导致坡面土体裸露,提出了抛石护岸的3种水毁破坏模式并分析了相应的破坏机理。     

PHC桩损伤处应力释放与水平受力影响分析

基于大型有限元软件ANSYS建立单桩有限元模型,以某5万DWT高桩码头为例,计算分析PHC桩在桩基完整性检测割桩处的应力释放以及损伤对水平承载的影响。结果表明:PHC桩在割桩损伤处应力释放明显,损伤区域应力变化剧烈,损伤处应力变化规律和应力集中系数与桩的预应力水平无关;水平荷载作用时PHC桩的预应力对于提高损伤桩的抗裂效果明显,损伤处受应力集中影响,预应力水平越高损伤处应力变化越大,而且最不利应力位置也下移到损伤平台内侧处。     

A Delphi analysis on green performance evaluation indices for ports in China

This study identified a set of applicable and practical green performance evaluation indices for Chinese ports using the Delphi technique. The research was conducted by targeting three representative Chinese ports in Eastern China: the Shanghai Port, Ningbo Port, and Qingdao Port. An effective expert panel was structured with direct stakeholders related to green performance, which was based on a sufficient consideration of the unique and the special decision-making system for Chinese ports. Twenty-one green performance indices in six dimensions (i.e. liquid pollution management, air pollution management, noise control, low carbon regulations and energy savings, marine biology preservation, and organization and management) were eventually identified through three rounds of iterations. The identified green performance indices for Chinese ports are highly consistent with the Chinese Government’s environmental policies. Compared with European ports, the green port performance indicators in China are not as comprehensive. The indicators that are strictly consistent with national macro policies and the factors that are more easily seen, heard, and felt were perceived to be more important. From an academic perspective, this study offers a new approach for system establishment and green practice criteria exploration and thus provides a significant basis for further green port studies.     

高职院校公共《计算机基础》课程实践教学研究

对高职院校公共《计算机基础》实践教学效果及其存在的问题进行剖析,针对这些问题所采取的应对措施进行了探索和研究。提出加强实践教学改革的方案和具体方法,使高职院校的计算机基础教育能更好地与市场接轨。     

船舶机舱空气质量监测评价仪的设计及实现

机舱多模式空气质量监测评价仪是对机舱气体进行实时监测并做出评价的智能化产品.本仪器通过多种传感器对机舱气体中部分物质的含量进行采集,利用单片机进行数据整理和分析,实时给出评价.该仪器对于监测机舱环境的空气品质,为轮机人员提供自我防护决策提供了依据和保障,有较大的意义和实用价值.     

基于Supramax型散货船北极航道运营经济性模糊综合评判

本文以一艘Supramax型散货船为模型,结合北极航道船舶通航限制,从规范设计角度入手,设计了B级和B1级两种冰区加强下的船体结构,连同非冰区加强型结构一起,就船体结构重量、造价、航运费用、营运收入等主要经济性指标进行模糊综合评判,并对最终的结果进行分析,为船舶北极航道运营提供参考依据。     

Simulating ad-hoc demand-responsive transportation: a comparison of three approaches

Transport models are used to evaluate new infrastructure and public transport services, varied levels of demand, and new ideas for demand management. Exploring these proposals virtually is easier than implementation and testing in situ. However, existing models are based around traditional forms of transportation. As part of a feature analysis using a case study approach, three different simulation packages (a simple custom-developed package, traffic microsimulation, and agent-based simulation) are used to develop and demonstrate simulations of demand-responsive transportation (DRT) and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each simulation approach for evaluating DRT. While the simulations display some relational replication (meaning they produce similar relational patterns with respect to certain variables), they do not show distributional replication (that is, the value of the results is not statistically similar), meaning that under- or over-estimation of predicted travel could occur. Recommendations for the application of each modeling approach are made.     

中韩船舶油污损害赔偿制度的比较

韩国不论是从地理位置还是经济贸易往来,对于我国是很重要的邻国.由于海上运输的国际性,我国的船东有在该国卷入油污损害赔偿案件的可能,研究其油污损害赔偿制度能够更好的保护我国船东的权益,而且对于我国完善油污民事赔偿立法有一定的借鉴作用.本篇论文比较了中韩油污损害赔偿制度,并对完善我国油污损害赔偿制度提出几点建议.