Choice of parking: Stated preference approach

Over recent years, parking policy has become a key element of transport policy in many countries. Parking policy measures can affect many different dimensions of travel behaviour but are likely to be most significant in terms of travellers' choice of parking type and location. This dimension of travel choice has, to date, received comparatively little attention, yet is of vital importance if we are to properly understand and predict the effects of parking policy measures.This paper presents two studies addressing this issue carried out in the United Kingdom and Germany. Both studies used a stated preference approach in order to collect disaggregate data on travellers responses to changes in parking attributes and used these data to build simple logit models of parking type choice. The studies were designed in order to allow comparable choice models to be estimated from the two datasets. The results obtained strongly indicate the need to separately identify the costs associated with different components of the parking activity (e.g., general in-vehicle time, parking search time, egress time) and also point to the existence of significant differences in the relative valuation of these components across different journey purposes. Where possible, the results of the choice modelling exercises are also compared with existing revealed and stated preference results and are found to be generally in line with prior expectations.     

关于海事行政执法自由裁量权的几点思考

文章论述了海事行政执法自由裁量权的定义、种类和目前行使海事行政执法自由裁量权存在的问题及造成这种问题的原因，提出了正确行使规范海事行政执法自由裁量权的建议。     

引入迭代阈值判决导引判决反馈盲均衡算法

基于判决圆的常数模算法(CMA)和判决导引算法(DD)相结合的判决反馈盲均衡算法(CMA+DD),在均衡的起始阶段,由于眼图未睁开,DD算法无法收敛,导致收敛速度慢.为了加快收敛速度,在迭代过程中引入迭代阈值limit,以修改CMA+DD算法的判决条件,从而得到改进的CMA+DD算法(MCMA+DD).该算法在均衡的起始阶段先采用CMA迭代limit次,然后再根据判决圆进行切换.水声信道仿真结果表明,MCMA+DD算法收敛速度快;迭代阈值不同,影响收敛速度;仍具有冷启动和重新启动能力.     

决策树法在施工合同管理中的应用

决策树法是投标决策阶段常用的一种定量分析方法，但在施工阶段应用较少，此文介绍它的操作原理，并举例阐述在项目实施阶段合同管理方面的应用。     

基于模糊投影决策模型的铁路客运专线融资结构优化研究

通过对融资结构优化决策特点的分析，指出铁路客运专线融资结构优化决策实际上是复杂的多目标决策问题。在此基础上，建立铁路客运专线融资结构优化决策递阶结构模型、决策指标组合权重熵值法与专家主观意见相结合的计算模型以及模糊投影决策评价模型；并编制了决策系统和分析软件；给出了应用实例进行验证，证明此文建立的评价模型能充分利用信息，对表面上看起来复杂的方案进行优劣次序排列，且能使理论和经验结合起来。排序结果能够比较客观公正地反映我国铁路客运专线融资结构的实际情况，可为铁路客运专线的融资结构提供指标评价及方案优选服务，避免因主观原因而造成的决策偏差。     

不完全信息下的CGF主体决策行为及模型研究

着重分析了决策的风险特性,建立了CGF主体的决策行为模型。分析加入感知行为后对决策行为复杂性的影响;提出了一种不确定型决策方法用于处理不完全感知信息对决策行为的影响;最后用示例说明了该方法的有效性。     

舰艇主动力装置战损评估与抢修决策支持系统

针对舰艇主动力装置这一复杂系统的战损评估与抢修国内还没有一个完善的解决方案,提出了战损情况下主动力装置生命力分析和舰艇航速计算的方法;利用贝叶斯网络和损伤树的推理方法实现了装备的损伤定位;探讨了战场环境下主动力装置抢修决策的逻辑关系;构建了系统的基本框架并提出较完善的解决方案,根据此方案开发了某型舰主动力装置抢修决策支...     

The price of uncertainty in pavement infrastructure management planning: An integer programming approach

Currently there is a true dichotomy in the pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) literature. On the one hand, there are integer programming-based models that assume that parameters are deterministically known. On the other extreme, there are stochastic models, with the most popular class being based on the theory of Markov decision processes that are able to account for various sources of uncertainties observed in the real-world. In this paper, we present an integer programming-based alternative to account for these uncertainties. A critical feature of the proposed models is that they provide – a priori – probabilistic guarantees that the prescribed M&R decisions would result in pavement condition scores that are above their critical service levels, using minimal assumptions regarding the sources of uncertainty. By construction of the models, we can easily determine the additional budget requirements when additional sources of uncertainty are considered, starting from a fully deterministic model. We have coined this additional budget requirement the price of uncertainty to distinguish from previous related work where additional budget requirements were studied due to parameter uncertainties in stochastic models. A numerical case study presents valuable insights into the price of uncertainty and shows that it can be large.     

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城市公共交通乘客出行成本的量化研究,对于科学合理地评价公共交通系统的社会效益意义重大,而出行时间价值是进行乘客出行成本估计的一个重要环节. 本文以北京市市区居民SP调查数据为依托,通过分析公共交通出行时间价值的影响因素,选取Logit模型为基础模型,引入“出行者收入”作为模型新增变量,并针对工作商务、社会娱乐两种出行目的在不同换乘情况下出行时间价值模型进行参数标定,建立了基于SP调查数据的改进型时间价值求解模型,并计算得到北京市公共交通出行者在不同出行目的和有无换乘情况下的换乘时间价值、候车时间价值以及运行时间价值. 研究发现,工作商务出行目的出行时间价值普遍高于社会娱乐的出行时间价值,出行者在不同出行目的和有无换乘情况下的候车时间价值,大于换乘时间价值以及运行时间价值,并且有换乘情况下的候车时间价值大于无换乘情况下的候车时间价值.     

基于层次分析法的施工技术方案决策研究

在工程实践中往往会面临施工技术方案的选优决策问题,尤其是当方案评价指标性质不同,在定性和定量分析时不能简单地进行比较与评价。本文就小金山大桥浮式平台施工中的三种起吊系统的方案选优与决策问题,应用层次分析法基本决策理论,结合桥位处具体水文条件,通过建立模型进行层次分析和一致性检验,实现了最优选择。