驾驶行为与驾驶风险国际研究进展

驾驶人在驾驶车辆的过程中总会面临由自身或外界条件所带来的或高或低的风险，即驾驶风险，通过对驾驶风险进行识别、分析及评估是对风险进行管理的有效对策，明确由人为因素（即驾驶人个体特征及驾驶行为）所带来的驾驶风险并对驾驶人进行安全管理尤为重要。为了全面了解各类危险驾驶行为和各种驾驶人群体的驾驶风险行为研究进展，对驾驶风险领域重点问题进行了总体概述。从驾驶人个体特征及驾驶行为的角度出发，探究了驾驶风险领域目前的研究现状，并利用科学知识图谱展示驾驶风险领域研究的发展进程与结构关系。通过Web of Science核心合集数据库获取了3 406篇在1986~2020年（截至2020年2月29日）间出版的驾驶风险研究相关英文文献，共涵盖8 684位作者及6 018个关键词，基于科学知识图谱对该领域文献进行梳理与分析。结果表明：驾驶风险领域的国外研究在驾驶人选择方面主要从年轻驾驶人、老年驾驶人、新手驾驶人及职业驾驶人的角度进行切入，重点围绕酒驾、药驾、分心驾驶及疲劳驾驶等主题开展研究。与国外研究相比，中国在分心驾驶、疲劳驾驶领域的研究相对丰富，而针对酒驾、药驾的研究试验手段较为单一，研究不够全面；在研究对象的选取上，有必要进一步增加老年驾驶人及新手驾驶人的深入研究，包括老年驾驶人适驾性评估与教育培训，以及新手驾驶人驾照分级制度的可行性探索。在研究方法方面，国外常见研究方法包括问卷调查、驾驶模拟器试验、实车试验以及自然驾驶研究等，而中国在自然驾驶研究领域尚未充分开发利用；未来应考虑多种方法相结合并从不同角度促进对驾驶行为及驾驶风险的全面理解。     

HD469单级减速驱动中桥总成失效分析

汽车实际运行中零件失效的表现往往较复杂,给失效分析工作带来很大的困难。本文结合HD469单级减速驱动中桥的失效,通过对拆开的桥的各个零件,尤其是出现异常零件的观察,运用系统推理分析思想,发现安装在差壳周圈上12.9级六角头螺栓掉头断裂是导致整个469单级桥总成发生严重失效的根本原因。     

A novel fuzzy logic correctional algorithm for traction control systems on uneven low-friction road conditions

The traction control system (TCS) might prevent excessive skid of the driving wheels so as to enhance the driving performance and direction stability of the vehicle. But if driven on an uneven low-friction road, the vehicle body often vibrates severely due to the drastic fluctuations of driving wheels, and then the vehicle comfort might be reduced greatly. The vibrations could be hardly removed with traditional drive-slip control logic of the TCS. In this paper, a novel fuzzy logic controller has been brought forward, in which the vibration signals of the driving wheels are adopted as new controlled variables, and then the engine torque and the active brake pressure might be coordinately re-adjusted besides the basic logic of a traditional TCS. In the proposed controller, an adjustable engine torque and pressure compensation loop are adopted to constrain the drastic vehicle vibration. Thus, the wheel driving slips and the vibration degrees might be adjusted synchronously and effectively. The simulation results and the real vehicle tests validated that the proposed algorithm is effective and adaptable for a complicated uneven low-friction road.     

The effects of wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives

In this study, in order to examine the effects of a wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives, the stick–slip vibration was analysed according to theoretical and simulation analysis. The decrease of the slip rate vibration amplitude improved the stability of the stick–slip vibration and the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. Increasing the longitudinal guide stiffness of the wheelset and the motor suspension stiffness were proposed as effective measures to improve the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. These results showed that the dynamic slip rate was inversely proportional to the series result of the square root of the longitudinal guide and motor suspension stiffness. The larger the motor suspension stiffness was, the smaller the required longitudinal guidance stiffness was at the same re-adhesion time once the wheel slip occurred, and vice versa. The simulation results proved that the re-adhesion time of the locomotive was approximately proportional to amplitude of the dynamic slip rate. When the stick–slip vibration occurred, the rotary and the longitudinal vibrations of the wheelset were coupled, which was confirmed by train's field tests.     

Suburban attitudes toward policies aimed at reducing solo driving

Policies that are aimed at discouraging commuters from solo driving have become a part of overall efforts to improve air quality and reduce traffic congestion. Since driving alone is the overwhelming choice of employed residents in US metropolitan areas, the political acceptability of proposed policy changes plays a role in their success. The 1992 Orange County (CA) Annual Survey asked employed solo drivers to rate their likelihood of changing from solo driving in response to various fees and incentives. Fewer say they would be very likely to stop solo driving if they were charged a parking fee at work (20%), a smog fee (17%) or a congestion fee (16%), than if their employers paid them a cash bonus for stopping solo driving (28%), or if more public transit (33%) or more carpools at work (35%) were available. Young and lower-status solo drivers are more likely than others to say they would stop driving alone if there were fees or cash bonuses. Current non-solo drivers tend to be young and low income, providing a validity check on the demographic predictors of stated preferences. The findings are discussed in light of recent policy changes in Southern California.     

盘式制动器性能试验台模拟机的研制

对盘式制动器工作原理及试验原理进行了研究，研制开发出了盘式制动器性能试验台模拟机。介绍了模拟机主机部分的设计，实现飞轮组的多片组合，设计出驱动制动系统和单片机测试系统，以保证系统的模拟精度。     

人机混驾环境下基于深度学习的车辆切入轨迹预测

为保证人机混驾环境下自动驾驶汽车的安全行驶,对周围车辆切入轨迹的预测至关重要.本文首先使用Savitzky-Golay滤波器对大规模采集的自然驾驶数据进行去噪处理,根据准则提取车辆切入片段,建立符合中国道路状况的车辆切入数据集.其次,发挥Bi-LSTM网络能充分利用上下文信息的优点和in-out快捷连接有效减少梯度消失...     

平曲线超高和加宽施工验算的可视化程序设计

按照公路等级、设计时速、平曲线参数,确定公路超高过渡段的旋转方式以及公路加宽过渡段的计算方式,选择Visual Foxpro 9.0作为开发工具,结合VBA命令,在Microsoft Word平台上进行二次开发,以数据录入模块、平曲线超高及加宽计算模块、结果打印输出模块作为系统的三大功能部分,实现公路平曲线超高和加宽的计算机辅助计算,为公路设计和施工提供方便。     

客车骨架的参数化设计及强度分析的可视化开发

在ANSYS软件中,利用APDL语言建立客车骨架的三维数据模型,分别对客车骨架六大片的驱动尺寸和部件质量进行参数化和参数提取.通过可视化软件VB与ANSYS连接和调用,实现客车骨架强度的有限元分析的可视化.     

基于Multigen Creator和Vega的舰载捷联惯导系统的视景仿真设计

随着计算机技术,多媒体技术,人工智能等技术的发展,虚拟现实技术（VirtualReality;VR）对军事模拟,工程技术仿真,医疗实践等各领域的发展提供了有效支持。而视景仿真技术是虚拟现实的重要组成部分。利用Multigen Creator三维建模软件和Vega交互仿真环境,以Vc＋＋为开发环境,针对舰载惯性导航系统,介绍了搭建一个视景仿真平台的过程。这为惯性系统的仿真平台的研究提供了一种理论方法。