The Teachable Moments on Marine Mammal Tours: Watching versus Swim-With Tours

With the continuing growth of the tourism industry over recent decades, has come a change in tourist behavior from the traditional stereotypical 3-S tourist (sun, sand, sex) to an increasingly sophisticated and demanding tourist. These “new” tourists like to learn about history, nature, and wildlife, and they expect an educational component on wildlife tours. This study investigated swim-with-dolphin tours in Kaikoura, New Zealand with regard to the educational content and the overall anatomy of these tours, using data from observations on a total of 32 tours during December 2011. The resulting data were then compared with the data from Hrycik and Forestell's study, which investigated the content of questions asked by passengers on whale-watching tours in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Results of the on-tour observations indicate that the surveyed tours display a structured approach to interpretation, which is customized to the specific tour anatomy of a “swim-with” tour, and varies in some parts significantly from “watch-only” tour interpretation.     

论提高海员综合素质的对策

培养一支高素质的海员队伍,对全球航运安全、海洋环境保护和航运业的可持续发展起到至关重要的作用。论文就如何提高海员的综合素质,提出了诸如制定合理的行业准入制度、改革航海教育与培训内容、改革船员考试和评估内容与方法等一系列措施,并就强化海事局等监督和保障机制提出了建议。     

语文教育大讨论对语文教育改革的重大影响

世纪之交的那场语文教育大讨论,对语文教育的改革产生了积极而又重大的直接影响。这决定了大讨论在语文教育史上占有十分重要的地位。本文主要对此展开了分析和论述。     

高职院校学生教育管理工作的思考

近几年来,我国高等职业教育迅速发展,但对于如何搞好高职院校学生教育管理工作还有不少问题处在探索和研究阶段。本文根据目前我国高职院校学生的现状及特点,结合本人在高职院校从事学生教育管理工作的体会,提出了对高职院校学生教育管理工作的几点看法。     

柴油机喷雾撞壁的研究

综述了柴油机喷雾撞壁雾化的研究现状和发展 ,对柴油机撞壁雾化的撞壁模型及模拟、喷雾撞壁的特征、壁面温度对撞壁雾化的影响以及液膜的形成和流动等进行了全面的论述 ,介绍了一个燃烧系统设计的新概念 ,并指出了进一步研究的方向     

结合专业课教学创新素质教育实践——"读、研、写、演"审美体验工程实践性教学研究之四

素质教育需要全社会关心和参与."读、研、写、演"审美体验工程从文学经典阅读教学到学生综合素质培养,通过"寓教于乐"的方式,将思想教育、审美教育、专业知识教育和综合素质训练融合为一体,演绎了一个从文学经典阅读教学到学生素质培养的教育过程,为素质教育提供一种有意义的尝试.     

美国航海教育的经验对我国航海教育的启示

文章简要介绍了美国海运院校的现状,分析了美国航海教育的特点,论述了美国航海教育发展的经验以及可借鉴之处。     

大学体育主从一体化教学模式的研究

本文根据《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要》的精神,从理论与实践上探索大学体育“主从一体化”的全新教学模式．实验结果表明：大学体育课实行“主从一体化”教学模式,能有效地提高学生的体育兴趣,增强学生的体育意识,帮助学生在较短时间内掌掌握一、二项运动技能与健身方法,丰富体育基础知识,达到增强学生身心健康的目标,形成终身体育观念。为学校体育教学与社会接轨奠定良好的基础．     

基于工学结合的高职教育人才培养模式的研究

本文针对高职教育工学结合人才培养模式教学改革过程中存在的问题,分析了工学结合人才培养模式的基本内涵,剖析了现行高职教育工学结合人才培养模式的四种典型形式及存在的问题,提出了解决问题的方法。     

Do driver training programs reduce crashes and traffic violations? — A critical examination of the literature

This paper reviews the evaluation literature on the effectiveness of classroom and behind-the-wheel driver training. The primary focus is on North America programs as originally taught in high schools but now also by private instructors. Studies from the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Scandinavia are also included.By far the most rigorous study to date was the experimental study in DeKalb, Georgia, U.S.A. This study used a randomized design including a control group and a very large sample size to provide reasonable statistical precision. I reexamine the DeKalb data in detail and conclude that the study did show evidence of small short-term crash and violation reductions per licensed driver. However, when the accelerated licensure caused by the training is allowed to influence the crash and violation counts, there is evidence of a net increase in crashes.The other studies reviewed present a mixed picture but the better designed quasi-experimental evaluations usually showed no effects on crash rates but almost all suffer from inadequate sample size. I show that as many as 35,000 drivers would be required in a two group design to reliably detect a 10% reduction in crash rates.The advent of GDL laws in North America and other countries has largely remedied the concern over accelerated licensure of high risk teenage drivers by delaying the progress to full licensure. Conventional driver training programs in the U.S. (30 h classroom and 6 h on-the-road) probably reduce per licensed driver crash rates by as little as 5% over the first 6-12 months of driving. The possibility of an effect closer to 0 cannot be dismissed.Some GDLs contain an incentive for applicants to complete an advanced driver training program in return for shortening the provisional period of the GDL. The results of Canadian studies indicate that any effects of the driver training component are not sufficient to offset the increase in accidents due to increased exposure.There is no evidence or reason to believe that merely lengthening the number of hours on the road will increase effectiveness. Programs directed toward attitude change and risk taking better address the underlying cause of the elevated crash risk of young drivers but these behaviors are notoriously resistant to modification in young people.