浅谈TRT6000在黄土隧道中应用技术

结合新建大西铁路乔家山隧道黄土围岩超前预报实例,详细阐述TRT6000超前地质预报系统适用性、原理及操作要点。根据现场检测实例,验证其在黄土隧道中的实用性。     

华盛顿地铁考察及对我国地铁建设的借鉴

通过对华盛顿地铁的实地考察,详细介绍华盛顿地铁的线路、车站的特点,阐述其在设计、运营、服务、节能等方面的主要理念以及实际措施,分析主要优缺点,并且对我国未来地铁的建设和运营提供建议。     

高速公路运输量研究

提出了高速公路运输量的统计方法,并以南京—上海高速公路为例,首次统计了中国高速公路的客运量、货运量、客运周转量、货运周转量以及客、货运输密度。研究表明:在南京—上海通道内,高速公路和铁路起着同样的关键作用;货运方面,高速公路和铁路运送货物价值相差很大,两者是互补性的,客运方面,高速公路客运量中个性化出行与铁路是互补性的,而群体性出行与铁路是替代性的。对高速公路上运行的车辆状况进行了分析,指出货运量主要是由四轴的半挂列车和两轴的单车完成的。客运中个性化出行的乘客占40%,车数占88%。     

基于数理统计方法的铁路隧道衬砌质量缺陷分析

目前,利用地质雷达法检测隧道衬砌质量时,通常仅对隧道衬砌缺陷进行描述,较少深入分析这些缺陷的内在分布规律。采用数理统计的方法,对某在建铁路工程14座隧道共285个衬砌质量缺陷样本的分布规律进行分析。研究表明,(1)在不同测线部位,其缺陷率、不同缺陷类型占该测线缺陷比例、缺陷径向尺寸的最大值、平均值及样本标准差均不同;(2)缺陷径向尺寸总体服从正态分布;(3)在给定显著性水平α=0.05下,缺陷径向尺寸总体均值μ的一个置信区间为(17.99,20.24),方差σ2的一个置信区间为(76.63,110.71);(4)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级围岩段落的衬砌缺陷径向尺寸均值无显著差异,但与Ⅴ级围岩段落有显著差异。     

Potentials of using social media to infer the longitudinal travel behavior: A sequential model-based clustering method

This study explores the possibility of employing social media data to infer the longitudinal travel behavior. The geo-tagged social media data show some unique features including location-aggregated features, distance-separated features, and Gaussian distributed features. Compared to conventional household travel survey, social media data is less expensive, easier to obtain and the most importantly can monitor the individual’s longitudinal travel behavior features over a much longer observation period. This paper proposes a sequential model-based clustering method to group the high-resolution Twitter locations and extract the Twitter displacements. Further, this study details the unique features of displacements extracted from Twitter including the demographics of Twitter user, as well as the advantages and limitations. The results are even compared with those from traditional household travel survey, showing promises in using displacement distribution, length, duration and start time to infer individual’s travel behavior. On this basis, one can also see the potential of employing social media to infer longitudinal travel behavior, as well as a large quantity of short-distance Twitter displacements. The results will supplement the traditional travel survey and support travel behavior modeling in a metropolitan area.     

关于山区高速外业勘察中若干问题的探讨

近几年来,我国山区高速建设里程日益增加.因受复杂地形、地质条件的限制,山区高速的外业勘察具有其独有的关键技术难点,应在普通建设条件下的作业内容、作业方式的基础上,采取针对性的对策措施,确保外勘资料满足设计需求.     

高职学生顶岗实习:现状、问题与对策——基于广州番禺职业技术学院2012届毕业生顶岗实习的调研与分析

通过调研发现:当前高职生顶岗实习存在实习协议难以全面签订、部分学生频繁流动、教学目标偏离异化、轮岗实习较难实现、学校实习管理不够精细、学生权益保障不力等问题。为了解决这些问题,同时提出了相应的建议和对策。     

Time use in travel surveys and time use surveys – Two sides of the same coin?

An in-depth understanding of travel behaviour determinants, including the relationship to non-travel activities, is the foundation for modelling and policy making. National Travel Surveys (NTS) and time use surveys (TUS) are two major data sources for travel behaviour and activity participation. The aim of this paper is to systematically compare both survey types regarding travel activities and non-travel activities. The analyses are based on the German National Travel Survey and the German National Time Use Survey from 2002.The number of trips and daily travel time for mobile respondents were computed as the main travel estimates. The number of trips per person is higher in the German TUS when changes in location without a trip are included. Location changes without a trip are consecutive non-trip activities with different locations but without a trip in-between. The daily travel time is consistently higher in the German TUS. The main reason for this difference is the 10-min interval used. Differences in travel estimates between the German TUS and NTS result from several interaction effects. Activity time in NTS is comparable with TUS for subsistence activities.Our analyses confirm that both survey types have advantages and disadvantages. TUS provide reliable travel estimates. The number of trips even seems preferable to NTS if missed trips are properly identified and considered. Daily travel times are somewhat exaggerated due to the 10-min interval. The fixed time interval is the most important limitation of TUS data. The result is that trip times in TUS do not represent actual trip times very well and should be treated with caution.We can use NTS activity data for subsistence activities between the first trip and the last trip. This can potentially benefit activity-based approaches since most activities before the first trip and after the last trip are typical home-based activities which are rarely substituted by out-of-home activities.     

车辆牌照信息调查法在公路OD调查中的应用

分析停车问询调查法和车辆牌照信息调查法在公路OD调查中的优缺点,结合浙江省两次全省公路OD调查的实际经验,指出公路OD调查自动化和常态化的发展方向.     

隧道工程建设地质预报及信息化技术的主要进展及发展方向

复杂的不良地质条件是制约隧道安全高效建设的主要因素,要实现隧道工程的安全高效建设,首先要提高地质预测预报技术水平及其信息化程度。1)介绍我国复杂不良地质隧道超前预报的方法进展及其应用,包括突水突泥灾害源超前探测方法与设备、断层破碎带超前预报、城市地铁溶洞和孤石等探测的进展及应用等;2)介绍我国隧道岩爆监测预警方法及其应用,预报清楚之后就要加强安全风险过程监控;3)介绍基于BIM技术的建筑物(隧道工程)安全风险监控最新进展,包括安全风险实时感知系统和实时预警系统;4)指出隧道工程建设信息化技术的发展方向,包括开展基于大数据技术的TBM/盾构施工的分析与控制研究以及数字隧道向智慧隧道(建设和运营维护)的发展。