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41.
整体桥具有使用寿命长、施工方便、造价及养护费用低等特点,目前在国内外得到了广泛应用与推广。然而,整体桥在季节性温度荷载作用下会发生往复位移,并产生桥台-桩基-土相互作用。为此,以福建上坂大桥为背景,设计制作桥台-桩基结构试验模型,开展桥台-H形钢桩基-土相互作用低周往复荷载拟静力试验研究,主要研究桥台、桩基的滞回性能与变形规律以及桥台-桩基-土三者相互作用的机理。结果表明:桥台与桩基的等效黏滞阻尼比均较大,其值大于0.15,即整体桥具有良好的抗震性能和耗能能力;整体桥在温度作用下桩基处于弹性状态,但会发生残余变形,同时在台背与桩顶的一定宽度和深度范围内存在土体脱空现象,实际工程中产生桥头跳车、搭板沉降的原因不仅与台后土体的特性相关,还与桥台结构的受力机理相关;仅测量和分析上部未入土结构的变形并不能准确反映整体结构的变形规律;试验循环加载全过程桥台-桩基-土相互作用会产生累积变形,其中桩基的累积变形要大于桥台的累积变形,且其累积变形远大于任意单步荷载作用下产生的变形;目前对于现有桥台-桩基变形的理论并未考虑累积变形的影响,该研究结果可为有关规范的制订提供参考。 相似文献
42.
Jungyong Wang Ayhan Akinturk Neil Bose Stephen J. Jones Yun Young Song Ho Hwan Chun Moon Chan Kim 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2008,13(3):244-255
The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of a model azimuthing podded propulsor in ice-covered water.
Model tests were carried out with two different depths of cut into the ice (15 and 35 mm), two different ice conditions (presawn
and pack ice conditions), and four different azimuthing angles. The depth of cut is the maximum penetration depth of the propeller
blade into the ice block. The 0.3-m-diameter model propeller was operated in a continuous ice milling condition. Ice loads
were measured by several sensors which were installed in various positions on the model. Six one-axis pancake-style load cells
on the top of the model measured the global loads and two six-component dynamometers were installed on the shaft to measure
the shaft loads. One six-component dynamometer was attached to the one of the propeller blades inside the hub to measure the
blade loads. The pod unit and propeller performance in ice are presented. Ice-related loads, which were obtained when the
blade was inside the ice block, are introduced and discussed. During the propeller–ice interaction, a blade can experience
the path generated by the previous blade, which is called the shadowing effect. The effects of shadowing, depth of cut, azimuthing
angle, and advance coefficient on propulsor performance are presented and discussed. 相似文献
43.
William R. Black 《Transportation》1991,18(3):199-206
The use of correlation coefficients to evaluate the accuracy of spatial interaction models is inappropriate unless such models have been fitted using least squares techniques. In other cases the correlation involves an implicit intercept value and a regression coefficient that may significantly modify the interaction model's estimates. Researchers have not acknowledged the role of these two parameters when the correlation is used. A generalized root mean square error is proposed as an alternative indicator of accuracy that may be used with any model. 相似文献
44.
《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(3):247-258
Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid. 相似文献
45.
46.
《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(5):551-574
The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results. 相似文献
47.
48.
《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(3):421-442
This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer. 相似文献
49.
从《船舶高级消防》实操教学中"呼吸器"单项实训入手,总结了网络互动教学在《船舶高级消防》实操教学中的实施过程,并对实施后的教学效果进行了评述。 相似文献
50.
自动驾驶汽车需具备预测周围车辆轨迹的能力,以便做出合理的决策规划,提高行驶安全性和乘坐舒适性。运用深度学习方法,设计了一种基于长短时记忆(LSTM)网络的驾驶意图识别及车辆轨迹预测模型,该模型由意图识别模块和轨迹输出模块组成。意图识别模块负责识别驾驶意图,其利用Softmax函数计算出驾驶意图分别为向左换道、直线行驶、向右换道的概率;轨迹输出模块由编码器-解码器结构和混合密度网络(MDN)层组成,其中的编码器将历史轨迹信息编码为上下文向量,解码器结合上下文向量和已识别的驾驶意图信息预测未来轨迹;引入MDN层的目的是利用概率分布来表示车辆未来位置,而非仅仅预测一条确定的轨迹,以提高预测结果的可靠性和模型的鲁棒性。此外,将被预测车辆及其周围车辆组成的整体视为研究对象,使模型能够理解车-车间的交互式行为,响应交通环境的变化,动态地预测车辆位置。使用基于真实路况信息的NGSIM(Next Generation SIMulation)数据集对模型进行训练、验证与测试。研究结果表明:与传统的基于模型的方法相比,基于LSTM网络的轨迹预测方法在预测长时域轨迹上具有明显的优势,考虑交互式信息的意图识别模块具备更高的预判性和准确率,且基于意图识别的轨迹预测能降低预测轨迹与真实轨迹间的均方根误差,显著提高轨迹预测精度。 相似文献