轨道复合不平顺对无缝线路横向变形的影响分析

轨道复合不平顺会对行车的安全及稳定性产生较大影响,也是影响无缝线路横向变形的一个重要因素。为研究轨道复合不平顺对无缝线路的具体影响,通过构建三维轨道框架非线性有限元模型,采用轨道框架单点(或多点)位置发生横向及竖向位移来模拟复合不平顺状态,通过计算获取节点位移变化规律,进而分析轨道复合不平顺对无缝线路横向变形的影响作用。研究结果表明,轨道的复合不平顺会对无缝线路的横向变形产生显著的影响;当线路出现三角坑等类似病害时,其节点位移变化更为显著,在无缝线路的日常养护维修中应尤为注意。     

汉巴南铁路兰渝联络线电分相设置方案研究

联络线电分相设置方案影响因素众多,且其设置与否对工程和运营的影响也较大。本文对汉巴南铁路兰渝联络线电分相设置方案进行研究,提出高速铁路设置关节式电分相联络线最短长度;对联络线电分相不同设置方案进行比选研究,并结合各方案的土建工程、信号系统、供电系统及限制因素提出布局优化措施,以期为联络线电分相合理设置与优化布局提供新思路。     

铁路预应力路堤加固技术数值研究

研究目的:铁路预应力路堤在国内外尚属一种新型路基加固法,其受力变形特性暂未得到系统化研究,相关加固设计理论仍处于探索性阶段。因此,有必要通过数值手段了解预应力路堤的工作状态,以掌握其加固性能。鉴于此,借助ABAQUS软件平台构建预应力路堤仿真系统,分析差异化预应力加固参数对路堤变形和承载能力的影响以及预应力加固构件的受力特征。研究结论:(1)路堤本体段坡面较优加固位置为距本体顶面以下0.3倍本体高度处;(2)坡率1∶1的预应力路堤在第1、2排侧压板分别施加50 k Pa、100 k Pa预压荷载时,其变形与承载力均可达传统路堤(坡率1∶1.5)水平,并可通过提升加固标准进一步强化路堤承载性能;(3)当对第1、2、3排侧压板分别施加50 k Pa、100 k Pa、100 k Pa预压荷载时,路堤内部附加围压S11>13.5 k Pa区域大致呈"x"形分布并形成横贯路堤的"预压加固区";(4)侧压板锚固区受力集中且复杂,应注意保障锚固区板体强度;(5)力筋在路堤加载前后的应力变化量与坡面侧向变形特征相关;(6)本研究成果可为铁路预应力路堤的加固设计提供技术指导。     

公路地基真空排水预压法探讨

真空排水预压法与堆载预压法相比具有加载快、无需堆载材料、不会失稳等优势,适用于加固软土特别是含水量较高的超软土地基。真空-堆载联合预压法的应用也越来越多。经过国内外十几年的探索,真空排水预压法日趋成熟,已经成为大面积应用的加固软土地基的行之有效的方法之一。     

Human-like autonomous car-following model with deep reinforcement learning

This study proposes a framework for human-like autonomous car-following planning based on deep reinforcement learning (deep RL). Historical driving data are fed into a simulation environment where an RL agent learns from trial and error interactions based on a reward function that signals how much the agent deviates from the empirical data. Through these interactions, an optimal policy, or car-following model that maps in a human-like way from speed, relative speed between a lead and following vehicle, and inter-vehicle spacing to acceleration of a following vehicle is finally obtained. The model can be continuously updated when more data are fed in. Two thousand car-following periods extracted from the 2015 Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study were used to train the model and compare its performance with that of traditional and recent data-driven car-following models. As shown by this study’s results, a deep deterministic policy gradient car-following model that uses disparity between simulated and observed speed as the reward function and considers a reaction delay of 1 s, denoted as DDPGvRT, can reproduce human-like car-following behavior with higher accuracy than traditional and recent data-driven car-following models. Specifically, the DDPGvRT model has a spacing validation error of 18% and speed validation error of 5%, which are less than those of other models, including the intelligent driver model, models based on locally weighted regression, and conventional neural network-based models. Moreover, the DDPGvRT demonstrates good capability of generalization to various driving situations and can adapt to different drivers by continuously learning. This study demonstrates that reinforcement learning methodology can offer insight into driver behavior and can contribute to the development of human-like autonomous driving algorithms and traffic-flow models.     

桥梁单板受力的原因及解决措施

随着交通量的迅猛增长,桥梁单板受力情况越来越频繁,通过对单板受力现象产生原因进行分析,提出解决措施,以供同行参考和借鉴。     

浅埋顶管沉井周边土体的三维破坏形状及沉降研究

为研究顶管沉井及周边土体在顶进力作用下的形变范围与大小，以加固旋喷桩作为沉井周围加固体建立ABAQUS软件计算模型，并将模拟结果与工程实例、PLAXIS 3D软件所得结果进行对比分析。同时，采用广州地区花岗岩残积土进行室内沉井模型试验，并通过试验结果对数值模拟结论进行验证，得出结论如下： 1）在开挖基坑前达到设计强度的旋喷桩能有效减小基坑周边土体塌陷变形、坑底隆起。2）在施加工作顶推力下，前侧主动区首先出现贯通裂缝，竖向位移斜率增大出现明显拐点；继续增大顶推力，土体位移会急剧增大导致地表沉降严重。3）对于后背土体，在顶推力作用下，地表破裂线的切线角度从0°逐渐增大至45°+φ/2，导致破裂范围也不断扩大；达到45°+φ/2处后，继续施加顶推力会导致短轴方向破坏范围扩大的速度较长轴方向的速度更快；三维空间中被动区破坏土体在地表处产生形状为椭圆的破坏面，椭圆长轴方向为顶推轴线方向，被动破坏体呈现为牛角状椭圆楔体。     

Key technologies of ship remote control system in inland waterways under ship-shore cooperation conditions北大核心CSCD

［Objective ］ To meet the requirements of remotely controlling ship in curved, narrow and crowded inland waterways, this paper proposes an approach that consists of CNN-based algorithms and knowledge based models under ship-shore cooperation conditions. ［Method］On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of ship-shore cooperation, the proposed approach realizes autonomous perception of the environment with visual simulation at the core and navigation decision-making control based on deep reinforcement learning, and finally constructs an artificial intelligence system composed of image deep learning processing, navigation situation cognition, route steady-state control and other functions. Remote control and short-time autonomous navigation of operating ships are realized under inland waterway conditions, and remote control of container ships and ferries is carried out. ［Results］The proposed approach is capable of replacing manual work by remote orders or independent decision-making, as well as realizing independent obstacle avoidance, with a consistent deviation of less than 20 meters. ［Conclusions］The developed prototype system carries out the remote control operation demonstration of the above ship types in such waterways as the Changhu Canal Shenzhou line and the Yangtze River, proving that a complete set of algorithms with a CNN and reinforcement learning at the core can independently extract key navigation information, construct obstacle avoidance and control awareness, and lay the foundation for inland river intelligent navigation systems. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

二密河大桥上部结构的施工技术

针对二密河大桥位于曲线段上且与线路斜交的情况,介绍了箱梁预制和架设的过程,重点介绍了曲线运梁、架桥机前移及斜交梁架设、落梁等关键技术,对同类工程有借鉴意义。     

互通立交平面线形设计的经验探讨

通过设计工作的实践,探讨互通立交平面线形设计的具体步骤、操作方法和注意事项,并对匝道线元参数的取值、线元参数与运行速度的关系、线形设计的连续性与协调性等方面提出了一些见解。