Modal shift from road haulage to short sea shipping: a systematic literature review and research directions

ABSTRACT

Modal shift from road haulage to short sea shipping (SSS) has been advocated by authorities and researchers for more than two decades. This paper provides a review of literature on modal shift and pinpoints paths for future research on topics in six categories: (1) factors influencing SSS competitiveness, (2) the policy-oriented perspective, (3) environmental legislation, (4) SSS performance, (5) port characteristics, and (6) the multi-agent perspective. In particular, we propose first, in evaluating the performance of SSS versus road haulage in different trade corridors, three performance-related dimensions – the economic dimension (e.g. external costs), the environmental dimension, and the dimension of service quality – should be considered. Second, researchers should use rich, real-world, numerical data and operational research techniques to identify the relative importance of individual drivers and barriers for a modal shift from road haulage to SSS. Third proposed direction is related to assessing which groups of actors certain policies should target. In doing so, researchers should extend their policy-related focus beyond the European Union, which has long encompassed the major geopolitical scope of research on the modal shift. Fourth, to moderate the adverse impact of environmental legislation on SSS, strategic solutions need to be identified. Fifth, we also suggest that the influence of contingencies, particularly port strikes and cyberattacks, on SSS operations and approaches for managing them should be investigated. Sixth, the economic and financial advantages of coordination and alliance for each transport chain agent need to be evaluated.     

浅析科技文献检索

简要分析了科技文献的类型和检索途径,同时提供相关网络联接和文献馆藏(特别是船舶和船舶相关类学科文献的馆藏),并介绍有关通过国际互联网实现馆际文献传递、国际联机数据库文献检索和下载等,展现网络时代资源共享的便利和优势.     

A review of dynamics modelling of friction draft gear

Longer and heavier trains mean larger in-train forces and more complicated force patterns. Practical experience indicates that the development of fatigue failure of coupling systems in long heavy trains may differ from conventional understanding. The friction-type draft gears are the most widely used draft gears. The ever developing heavy haul transport environment requires further or new understanding of friction draft gear behaviour and its implications for train dynamics as well as fatigue damage of rolling stock. However, modelling of friction draft gears is a highly nonlinear question. Especially the poor predictability, repeatability and the discontinuity of friction make this task more challenging. This article reviews current techniques in dynamics modelling of friction draft gears to provide a starting point that can be used to improve existing or develop new models to achieve more accurate force amplitude and pattern predictions.     

音乐意境:从文学到电视文学

在文学作品的意境营造中,音乐扮演着重要的角色。文学的音乐美,要么源自独特的语言形式,要么源自文学家的间接描述。而在电视文学作品意境的营造中,音乐发挥的,主要是节奏功能、抒情功能,以及间接的形象功能。音乐意境,因此成为贯穿于文学与电视文学的一种独特的审美品质。     

国际城市地下综合管廊研究的文献特征与研究热点分析

为揭示地下综合管廊领域的知识结构和发展脉络，明晰地下综合管廊领域的研究热点和前沿，以Web of Science和Scopus数据库中1970—2018年收录的综合管廊相关文献为研究对象，借助可视化软件CiteSpace绘制综合管廊研究知识图谱，对综合管廊研究进行发展态势分析、合作特征分析、文献共被引分析以及关键词共现分析。研究发现：目前综合管廊研究呈快速发展的趋势；研究成果较为丰硕的国家为中国、美国、西班牙、英国、加拿大、日本，最富有成效的作者为Curiel Esparza J和Canto Perello J；研究热点主要集中在可行性、决策、投融资、规划、设计、施工、风险、安全、运维、管理方面；未来综合管廊研究趋势与热点将集中在投融资模式创新与应用、绿色建造技术及一体化建设、信息化及智能化运维管理、可持续发展等方面。最后，对综合管廊后续研究提出加强跨学科合作和治理研究的建议。     

陈铨的"民族文学"理论与创作

陈铨是“战国策派”的主要代表，以往对他提出的“民族学”口号及其创作，都是从政治角度进行批判。本试图就“民族学”口号提出的背景，其内涵与理论来源、陈铨的创作与理论的关系作一探讨，指出“民族学”的倡导是“战国策派”化重建构想的一部分，他们以纠编为目的，却走向了另一种偏颇。     

从“文字救国”到“文学救国”——从清末的语言变革运动看现代文学功能观的形成

清末的语言变革运动,为文学革命的发生和中国文学的现代转型提供了诸多思想资源和实践准备。清末以来形式多样的语言变革,其目的虽在求＂文字简易＂以便＂普及教育＂,而不在文学本身,但其＂文字救国＂的观念,却后来逐渐演变为＂文学救国＂的现代文学功能观。这确实说明清末以来的语言变革为五四文学的先导,中国文学的现代转型是一个渐进的过程而非突发的事件。     

浅谈高职院校图书馆服务创新

本文主要探讨了信息时代大环境下,通过加强图书馆藏书建设、规范管理及开展创新服务、做好效果检验等几方面的工作,积极推动高职院校图书馆服务创新,为提高高职院校人才培养质量服务。     

Substantial Changes and Their Impact on Mobility: A Typology and an Overview of the Literature

During the past 40 years, mobility patterns have enduringly changed several times as a result of the occurrence of a number “substantial changes”. Examples of such substantial changes are the rapid emergence of affordable air travel, the oil crises, and profound ICT developments. To most researchers and policy-makers in transportation, it seems more than likely that the next 40 years will also witness a number of substantial changes, some of which might even have larger impacts on mobility than the ones described above. However, literature on substantial changes and their impact on mobility are difficult to access as it is spread across different research fields and suffers from ambiguous use of terminology. As a result, overview of the literature on substantial changes and their findings is missing and discussions on the impacts on future mobility of potential substantial changes are hampered. To overcome these problems, this paper (1) proposes a typology of substantial changes and (2) ties together and reviews the scholarly literature that has focused on identifying the impacts of past substantial changes on mobility patterns. In this paper, we show how the proposed typology on substantial changes can be applied to contemplate on substantial changes and on their impacts.     

黄河-长江文化圈生态文学与环境关怀研究思考

生态文学作为当今文学研究中一个热门的话题,有着其独特的地位与作用.对20世纪以来"黄河--长江文化圈"生态文学与环境的人文关怀的研究,在于对地域性传统文化精神的回顾,从文学意义上对人与社会的主观精神关注转入生态学意义上人与自然的关系的关注.其关注的重点应该放在地域生态理念的研究,生态文学类别的梳理,理论资源的开拓,具体文本的解读等.研究过程中应注意对生态人文、人文精神的发掘以及围绕顺从自然,认识危机,反思文化根源三条线索去思考,为文学寻找更贴近自然,更为健康,更有生命力的发展空间.