基于价值工程的全生命周期趸船材质方案比选研究

将趸船整个生命周期过程中的技术先进性、经济合理性和环境协调性有机地融合为一体,基于价值工程理论提出趸船材质方法比选。实例表明在千岛湖这样的大吨位船舶碰撞概率很小的水域,采用混凝土趸船明显优于钢质趸船。     

The Teachable Moments on Marine Mammal Tours: Watching versus Swim-With Tours

With the continuing growth of the tourism industry over recent decades, has come a change in tourist behavior from the traditional stereotypical 3-S tourist (sun, sand, sex) to an increasingly sophisticated and demanding tourist. These “new” tourists like to learn about history, nature, and wildlife, and they expect an educational component on wildlife tours. This study investigated swim-with-dolphin tours in Kaikoura, New Zealand with regard to the educational content and the overall anatomy of these tours, using data from observations on a total of 32 tours during December 2011. The resulting data were then compared with the data from Hrycik and Forestell's study, which investigated the content of questions asked by passengers on whale-watching tours in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Results of the on-tour observations indicate that the surveyed tours display a structured approach to interpretation, which is customized to the specific tour anatomy of a “swim-with” tour, and varies in some parts significantly from “watch-only” tour interpretation.     

透水框架坝生态效应研究

为了研发生态结构,给生态航道建设提供技术支撑,在进行水生生物调研分析的基础上,提出了透水框架坝的结构形式。通过开展相应的水槽试验,对比分析透水坝与实体坝的作用区别,并结合水槽试验成果,从集鱼效应、提高鱼类栖息适合度等方面分析透水框架坝的生态效应。得到主要结论如下:1)从流场分布来看,实体坝在坝后一定范围内存在回流区;框架坝坝后无回流区存在; 2)相对于实体坝,透水坝作用效果较弱(冲刷坑深度约为实体坝的60%),作用时间更长; 3)透水框架坝能够起到人工鱼礁的作用,框架坝的内部空隙为鱼类等水生生物提供栖息庇护场所,对鱼类有较强的诱集效果; 4)框架坝通过提高水体含氧量和提高有利于鱼类的流速区面积来提高鱼类的栖息适合度。     

基于正交设计的船用柴油机燃烧系统参数匹配及优化

为研究柴油机燃烧系统参数匹配对柴油机动力和排放性能的影响,首先分别利用AVL_BOOST和AVL_FIRE仿真软件建立4190ZLC-2型船用柴油机整机模型和缸内燃烧高压循环模型,然后基于已建模型应用正交试验设计方法安排柴油机进气系统、喷油系统和燃烧室结构尺寸参数匹配仿真计算。研究结果表明,通过极差分析可以得出燃烧系统参数对4190ZLC-2型柴油机性能的影响主次顺序。以柴油机指示功率为评价指标时,参数组合0.26 mm-28°CA-160°-0.9-145 mm-2.6 mm-22 mm(喷孔直径-喷油提前角-油束夹角-涡流比-喉口直径-凸台高度-凹坑半径)对应的指示功率为63.40 k W,比原机仿真值高15%;以NOX排放为评价指标时,参数组合0.30 mm-24°CA-140°-0.4-135 mm-6.6 mm-14 mm(喷孔直径-喷油提前角-油束夹角-涡流比-喉口直径-凸台高度-凹坑半径)对应的NOX排放质量分数为0.015 7%,比原机仿真值低30.2%。     

建构中高职衔接物流专业模块化课程体系研究

建立中职与高职的有效衔接是完善职业教育体系和提高职业教育质量的关键，通过分析目前物流专业中高职课程衔接在课程体系、教学计划、教学管理、考评制度方面存在的割裂现象，提出应借鉴国外的做法，加强宏观制度建设，建立统一的职业能力导向的模块化课程体系。     

基于职业能力的高职会计实践教学体系的重构

文章通过分析高职会计专业构建实践教学体系的必要性入手，分析会计职业能力的内涵，从会计课程体系、实训项目体系、实训项目教学设计三个方面探索了现代高职会计实践教学体系的构建，拓展会计实践教学的实训资源，完善构建实践教学体系的机制。     

基于光纤光栅的扭矩传感器

为了实现恶劣条件下对扭矩的精确稳定测量,设计并实现了一种新型的基于光纤光栅的扭矩传感器。为克服扭矩测量系统易受外界影响的缺点,设计了光纤光栅全桥光路,实现了温度和弯矩的自动补偿。通过扭矩标准装置加载试验和水下环境加载试验分别测试了其测量精确度以及水下工作性能。结果表明,该光纤光栅扭矩传感器的最大非线性误差、重复性以及水下工作稳定性均达到0.1%以内,说明该传感器不但具有良好的测量精度,而且能够在船用环境等恶劣扭矩测量条件下较好地工作。研究结果为船用环境中扭矩测量的研究与应用提供了重要参考。     

Papahānaumokuākea: Integrating Culture in the Design and Management of one of the World's Largest Marine Protected Areas

Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument is one of the world's largest marine protected areas and was designated the first mixed conservation site in the United States due to its natural and cultural importance. It is also the world's first cultural seascape, being recognized for its continuing connections to indigenous people. As the westernmost place in the Hawaiian universe, many believe these islands and seas are the pathway that Native Hawaiians travel after death, returning to pō (night; realm of the gods). This intimate kinship has profound implications for contemporary management. Current management emphasizes integration of science, policy, cultural knowledge, traditions, and practices to create successful management strategies appropriate for both natural and cultural resources. This management is based on Native Hawaiian values and practices that incorporate observation and understanding of the natural world, indigenous principles and philosophies, cultural norms, community relationships, and unique epistemologies deeply imbedded in and formed by relationships of people with place. A cornerstone of this effort has been the direct involvement of cultural practitioners in policy, management, education, and research. This biocultural approach has led to more effective management of the monument and serves as a model for conservation around the world.     

Exploring active transportation investments and associated benefits for municipal budgets: a scoping review

Municipalities play an important role in the planning and development of communities that support active transportation (AT), which refers to human-powered modes of travel, such as walking and cycling. Municipal-level stakeholders involved in land-use and transportation infrastructure planning consider multiple social, environmental and economic considerations to inform decision-making and investments in AT. Evidence around the fiscal benefits of AT investment for local governments has not been systematically identified. This scoping review sought to explore the existing evidence regarding investments in AT and opportunities for savings on municipal expenditures and revenue generation. In total, 7060 records were located and screened; of which 162 full-text articles were reviewed. Ultimately, 23 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The available evidence focuses on potential economic benefits of AT in the areas of tax revenues, property values, consumer spending and employment, all of which are relevant sources of revenue generation in municipal operating budgets. An evidence gap was identified regarding AT infrastructure investments and benefits corresponding to municipal expenditures (e.g. maintenance cost savings). Notably, a large portion of literature was published after 2009, suggesting that municipal-level evidence on the fiscal benefits of AT investments may just be emerging.     

新加坡“教学工厂”对我国骨干高职院校建设的启示

新加坡高等职业技术教育中的＂教学工厂＂这一教学模式,在产学结合上有显著的特点：强调教学与实践相结合、模拟现场操作、突出行业性。文章在借鉴新加坡经验的基础上,联系我国高等职业教育实际,对我国的高等职业教育提出一些建议。