CFRP布修复震损高强混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为了研究CFRP(碳纤维)布修复震损高强混凝土方柱的抗震性能,共进行了4个高强混凝土方柱试件模型的低周反复荷载试验,分别研究横向CFRP布方式加固试件和修复震损试件、横向结合L型CFRP布方式修复震损试件的抗震性能.在试验数据的基础上分析对比了试件的延性性能、承载力、能量耗散、刚度退化以及CFRP应变.研究结果表明:经...     

地铁行车调度员胜任力研究

地铁调度系统是一个复杂的人-机-环境系统。行车调度作为该系统中的重要组成部分,其职业能力的发挥直接决定了线路的运营安全和运输效率,有必要对地铁行车调度职业能力进行研究。介绍了胜任力的概念。运用结构化的O*NET工作分析问卷和行为事件访谈法构建地铁行车调度员胜任力模型,包括21项基准性胜任力和5项鉴别性胜任力。结果表明胜任力模型的应用是有效的。     

钙质砂固结排水剪切特性三轴试验

为给中国南海岛礁吹填钙质砂地基上基础设施提供设计与施工参考,通过一系列三轴试验研究了钙质砂固结排水剪切特性。定性分析了钙质砂应力-应变、体变与应力路径变化规律,非线性拟合试验数据获得了不同特征状态下钙质砂抗剪强度、内摩擦角和孔隙比的归一化表达式及其参数取值,进一步定性分析给出了抗剪强度、内摩擦角和孔隙比的非线性变化特征。研究结果表明：(1)围压小于300 kPa时钙质砂发生应变软化和剪胀;特征状态偏应力随围压或相对密度增大而变大,体变随围压(或相对密度)增大而增大(或减小);钙质砂排水剪切应力路径为一系列平行直线,围压越大应力路径越长。(2)不同相对密度下特征状态抗剪强度(或内摩擦角)具有较好归一性;峰值状态抗剪强度(或内摩擦角)大于相变状态,而相变状态大于临界状态;抗剪强度(或内摩擦角)为量纲一化平均主应力的幂函数(或对数函数),而相对密度对余量内摩擦角的影响随围压增大而减小直至消失。(3)在压缩平面内,特征状态孔隙比随量纲一化平均主应力增加而减小,且不同相对密度下临界状态孔隙比具有较好归一性;特征状态孔隙比可用负指数函数予以表达,该函数的上、下限与特征状态孔隙比实际极限值基本吻合。     

腹板开孔的H型梁在压弯载荷下的失效行为和强度试验研究

腹板开孔的H型钢梁在船舶,航空器和海洋平台结构作为受弯构件被广泛运用。已有众多文献报道过关于腹板开孔梁遭受腹板卷曲破坏的情况,但腹板开孔加强遭受面板屈曲的情况未有详尽调查。因此文中开展6组试件的试验研究来调查腹板开孔的H型梁的失效行为和极限承载力,结果显示开孔影响了试件屈曲波的长度和数量。该研究结果可用于几何尺寸相似的实际结构。     

线激励下船舶混合构型加筋板的振动特性

文章对某船发电机舱纵向混合构型加筋板的导纳特性进行了研究,运用模态叠加法求解了结构在线激励作用下各特征线上的等效导纳。计算结果显示,根据振动能量在结构上的分布,可按频段将导纳特性分为输入主控区和传递主控区。输入主控区导纳呈现带通特性,三个通频带与相应的筋条结构对应。通过改变筋条的参数可以单独控制加筋板某个频段的导纳特性。     

现代高速舰船推进主机的选择研究

高速和中速柴油机都可作为高速舰船的动力,近年来高速机的应用在不断增加。本文从尺寸、重量、集装性、航速范围、加速性和推进性能等方面对两类机型进行讨论,为高速舰船主机的选择提供比较的视角。     

Driver's braking behavior approaching pedestrian crossings: a parametric duration model of the speed reduction times

The driver's braking behavior while approaching zebra crossings under different safety measures (curb extensions, parking restrictions, and advance yield markings) and without treatment (baseline condition) was examined. The speed reduction time was the variable used to describe the driver's behavior. Forty‐two drivers drove a driving simulator on an urban scenario in which the baseline condition and the safety measures were implemented. The speed reduction time was modeled with a parametric duration model to compare the effects on driver's braking behavior of vehicle dynamic variables and different countermeasures. The parametric accelerated failure time duration model with a Weibull distribution identified that the vehicle dynamic variables and only the countermeasure curb extensions affected, in a statistically significant way, the driver's speed reduction time in response to a pedestrian crossing. This result shows that the driver, because of the improved visibility of the pedestrian allowed by the curb extensions, was able to receive a clear information and better to adapt his approaching speed to yield to the pedestrian, avoiding abrupt maneuvers. This also means a reduction of likelihood of rear‐end collision due to less aggressive braking. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of intersection field of view on emergent collision avoidance performance at unsignalized intersections: analysis based on driving simulator experiments

Proper intersection sight distance can effectively lower the possibility of intersection accidents. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2011) provide a series of recommended dimensions of intersection sight triangles for uncontrolled and stop/yield‐controlled intersections. However, in reality, although the actual intersection design for unsignalized intersections satisfies the requirements of sight distance and clear sight triangle in American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' guideline, there are still a large number of crashes occurring at unsignalized intersections for drivers running stop/yield signs or failing to slow down. This paper presents a driving simulator study on pre‐crash at intersections under three intersection field of view (IFOV) conditions. The aim was to explore whether better IFOVs at unsignalized intersections improve their emergent collision avoidance performance under an assumption of valid intersection sight distance design. The experimental results show drivers' ability to identify potential hazards to be significantly affected by their IFOVs. As drivers' IFOV improved, drivers were more likely to choose braking actions to avoid collisions. Better IFOVs were also associated with significant increases in brake time to intersection and significant reductions in deceleration rate and crash rate, thus leading to a lower risk of traffic crash involvement. The results indicate that providing a better IFOV for drivers at intersections should be encouraged in practical applications in order to improve drivers' crash avoidance capabilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimating link travel time functions for heterogeneous traffic flows on freeways

Oversized vehicles, such as trucks, significantly contribute to traffic delays on freeways. Heterogeneous traffic populations, that is, those consisting of multiple vehicles types, can exhibit more complicated travel behaviors in the operating speed and performance, depending on the traffic volume as well as the proportions of vehicle types. In order to estimate the component travel time functions for heterogeneous traffic flows on a freeway, this study develops a microscopic traffic‐simulation based four‐step method. A piecewise continuous function is proposed for each vehicle type and its parameters are estimated using the traffic data generated by a microscopic traffic simulation model. The illustrated experiments based on VISSIM model indicate that (i) in addition to traffic volume, traffic composition has significant influence on the travel time of vehicles and (ii) the respective estimations for travel time of heterogeneous flows could greatly improve their estimation accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微观交通仿真中换道模型的研究综述

与跟车行为相比,换道行为需要考虑的车辆更多,司机的决策过程更加复杂,也更难于描述,目前跟车模型的研究已趋于成熟,而换道模型的研究则相对滞后.针对多数交通仿真系统存在的算法内核封装性和保密性问题,对当前应用较多的几种换道模型进行了综述,介绍了几种模型的构建思想和算法,对这些模型的优缺点进行了评述和展望.期望能对换车道模型研究的深入化和精准化起到一定的参考和借鉴作用.