大直径钢管桩沉桩工艺及桩身垂直度控制

本文通过对单桩沉桩工艺、垂直度测量控制方法的剖析与总结,为后续海上风电场建设中无过渡段大直径钢管桩单桩基础的施工、质控提供实际经验。     

地震作用下码头钢管桩的损伤演化规律

为研究全直钢管桩码头的损伤演化规律,采用欧进萍地震损伤模型量化码头钢管桩的损伤程度,通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立码头排架结构的计算模型,分析结构在地震作用下的动力时程响应,研究码头桩基随地震时程、地震动强度的损伤演化规律。结果表明,码头各桩损伤发展主要发生在地震响应剧烈的时期,桩顶是塑性发展区域,桩基反复进入塑性状态,导致结构逐步破坏;桩基损伤值由位移项和能量项构成,位移项前期贡献较大,能量项后期贡献较大,位移损伤的占比要高于耗能损伤;各桩损伤值随地震动强度的增大呈上升趋势,由海侧向陆侧桩基的损伤逐渐增大,陆侧桩承担更大的水平地震力,是耗散地震能量的主要构件。     

A finite element model for unbonded flexible pipe under combined axisymmetric and bending loads

Flexible pipes are key equipment for offshore oil and gas production systems, conveying fluids between the platform and subsea wells. The structural arrangement of unbonded flexible pipes is quite complex, encompassing several layers with polymeric, metallic and textile materials. Different topologies and a large amount of intricate nonlinear contact interactions between and within their components, especially because of the relative stick-slip mechanism during bending, makes numerical analysis challenging. This paper presents an alternative three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model that describes the response of flexible pipes subjected to combined axisymmetric and bending loads. To simulate the response of a flexible pipe under axial tension or compression combined with uniform curvature, an equivalent thermal loading is employed on the external sheath, which is modelled as an orthotropic thermal expansion material with temperature-independent mechanical properties. To assess the feasibility of the proposed model, the bending moment versus curvature of the finite element solution is compared with experimental results obtained in literature and good agreements are found between them. Detailed finite element results such as contact pressures, armour wire slip displacements and friction, normal and transverse bending stresses are also shown and compared with available analytical models.     

Burst pressure of steel reinforced flexible pipe

The burst pressure of steel reinforced flexible pipe (SRFP) considering plasticity is investigated through experimental, theoretical and numerical methods. The results obtained from the aforementioned methods are in good agreement with each other, which illustrates the accuracy and reliability of the proposed theoretical and numerical models. The mechanical responses of PE layers and the steel strips are studied in detail, and the rationality of the strain uniformity assumption for the steel strip's cross section in the theoretical model is confirmed from its von Mises stress variation along the width at different points in FEM. Some influential parameters of SRFP on the burst pressure are also investigated in order to guide its cross-section design. The theoretical model and the FEM proposed in this paper can not only give an estimation to the safety and reliability of the pipe when it is subjected to internal pressure, but can also provide some reference for improving and optimizing its cross-section design.     

Dynamic analysis of risers using a novel multilayered pipe beam element model

In this paper a recently proposed formulation for the multilayered pipe beam element is extended to dynamic analysis of risers. Derivations of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loadings due to internal and external fluid acting on each element layer are presented. Mass and damping matrices, associated to each element layer, are properly derived by adding their respective contributions to the expression of the virtual work due to external loading. The finite element implementation allows for the numerical representation of either bonded or unbonded multilayered risers, including small slip effects between layers. A number of numerical examples have been carried out and the results show the accuracy and efficiency of the new element formulation, even in large scale riser analysis. Moreover, we establish a few benchmarks using multilayered pipes and risers.     

钢管桩桩头剪力键间距优化设计

在码头和深海工程中常采用剪力键连接钢管桩与上部结构,以提高钢管桩的承载力及结构整体性。剪力键的间距是影响钢管桩桩头受力性能的重要影响因素。以桩头带两个剪力键的钢管桩为研究对象,建立8组有限元模型,利用Gebman试验报告中的试验值与数模值进行对比。结果表明:1)试验值与数模值误差较小,且变化趋势一致。2)钢管桩承载力和钢管桩桩头复合刚度随着剪力键间距的增大先增加后减小,剪力键间距介于1. 0D～1. 2D时,钢管桩整体受力性能最好。3)剪力键的最优设计间距始终在1. 0D附近,随着桩径的增加,剪力键的最优设计间距可适当减小。其研究成果为实际工程中钢管桩桩头剪力键的设计提供了重要的参考。     

隧道管环端面平整偏差自动评估技术研究

为解决当前手段不能实现管环端面平整偏差自动测量的问题，及时为人工补偿平整偏差提供数据依据，基于所建立的模型设计自动测量方案并对测试应用结果进行分析总结。通过分析盾构施工特点，确定可在盾构坐标系内表征测量点坐标，在此基础上推导基于推进油缸行程的管环平整偏差数学模型，证明基点与测量点间距与安装角度关系可由三角函数描述，且可在平面直角坐标系内计算平整偏差。设计基于油缸行程传感器的评估算法、测量方案，实际测试的数据表明，和人工测量结果相比，该系统能以较高精度自动监测管环平整偏差，有效降低测量人员的劳动强度。     

TP2紫铜管弯制开裂原因分析

TP2紫铜管在进行弯制时开裂,为找到原因,用退火试验模拟生产中的退火工艺。试验数据表明,铜管经多道次拉拔产生加工硬化,其外表面金相组织和内部金相组织不均匀,导致在进行弯制时铜管产生开裂。通过对比试验,找到铜管弯制的最佳退火温度区间为550～580℃,为铜管弯制退火工艺提供指导。     

一种接头管防绕流料仓漏斗在地连墙中的应用

本文提供一种能够确保地下连续墙接头管防绕流的料仓漏斗装置以及施工方法,适用于地下连续墙接缝施工,保证接缝施工质量,降低接头管被嵌固在墙体底部的风险,提高接缝抗渗漏能力。可在地连墙接头管施工中大力推广应用,装置新颖可靠、工艺成熟先进。     

尼日利亚拉各斯莱基地区钢管桩停锤标准研究

本文结合尼日利亚拉各斯莱基地区DangoteSPM海工项目桩基设计与施工经验,对该地区钢管桩设计施工的停锤标准问题进行初步探讨,供类似工程参考。