Accounting for scale heterogeneity within and between pooled data sources

There is growing interest in incorporating both preference heterogeneity and scale heterogeneity in choice models, as a way of capturing an increasing number of sources of utility amongst a set of alternatives. The extension of mixed logit to incorporate scale heterogeneity in a generalised mixed logit (GMXL) model provides a way to accommodate these sources of influence, observed and unobserved. The small but growing number of applications of the GMXL model have parameterized scale heterogeneity as a single estimate; however it is often the case that analysts pool data from more than one source, be it revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) sources, or multiple SP sources, inducing the potential for differences in the scale factor between the data sources. Existing practice has developed ways of accommodating scale differences between data sources by adopting a scale homogeneity assumption within each data source (e.g., the nested logit trick) that varies between data sources. This paper extends the state of the art by incorporating data-source specific scale differences in scale heterogeneity setting across pooled RP and SP data set. An example of choice amongst RP and SP transport modes (including two ‘new’ SP modes) is used to obtain values of travel time savings that vary significantly between a model that accounts for scale heterogeneity differences within pooled RP and SP data, and the other where differences in scale heterogeneity is also accommodated between RP and SP data.     

Development of an indicator to assess the spatial fit of discrete choice models

Discrete choice models are increasingly implemented using geographical data. When this is the case, it may not be sufficient to project market shares accurately, but also to correctly replicate the spatial pattern of choices. Analysts might then be interested in assessing the results of a model’s fit relative to the spatial distribution of the observed responses. While canonical approaches exist for the exploratory spatial analysis of continuous variables, similar tools have not been widely implemented for discrete choice models, where the variable of interest is categorical. For this reason, despite recent progress with spatial models for discrete outcomes, there is still not a simple and intuitive tool to assess the quality of the spatial fit of a discrete choice model. The objective of this paper is to introduce a new indicator of spatial fit that can be applied to the results of discrete choice models. Utility of the indicator is explored by means of numerical experiments and then demonstrated by means of a case study of vehicle ownership in Montreal, Canada.     

有限变形杂交／混合有限元分析

采用Updated Lagrangian描述,建立了基于力学子单元模型的增量型有限变形杂交／混合有限元列式,其中以第二类Piola-Kirchhoff应力增量和位移增量作为独立变量,3个典型数值算例显示,本方法提供的数值解与解析解和已有的数值解吻合良好,且具有较高的计算效率。     

信号交叉口通行能力计算方法

目前计算城市交通网络信号控制交叉口通行能力的方法很多,适用范围各有不同。混合交通流是中国城市交通的特点。计算混合交通条件下城市信号控制交叉口的通行能力一直是众多交通领域专家学者研究的课题。以一个典型十字型信号交叉口为例,分别用目前中国常用的三种计算通行能力方法(冲突点法、停车线法、美国法)计算该交叉口的通行能力,并将结果与实测通行能力进行比较。比较结果显示冲突点法算得的结果与实测结果最接近,而停车线法和美国法算得的结果都偏大。因此,冲突点法是一种较适用于中国交通条件及混合交通流特性的通行能力计算方法。     

工程建设招投标市场的发展与有关制度之关系

随着《招标投标法》的实施，招标投标工作进一步规范和加强，但招投标市场存在的诸多问题与公开、公平、公正的市场竞争要求还存在一定的距离。笔者试从市场经济的成熟、项目法人制的建立、中介体系的发展、监督体系的健全及法律体系的完善5个方面探讨影响招投标市场发展的有关制度体系。     

预拌灌筑水泥土砂浆桩地基加固技术

预拌灌筑水泥土砂浆桩是针对水泥土搅拌桩存在的搅拌均匀性差、桩体强度低、施工穿透能力差等问题发展起来的一种全新的地基处理工法。介绍了其原理、优点、成桩工艺和成桩效果，分析了其经济成本，预拌灌筑水泥土砂浆桩可作为一种客运专线CFG桩地基处理的替代方法。     

载荷试验确定粉喷桩复合地基承载力的探讨

静载试验是目前确定复合地基承载力较为可靠的原位测试技术之一。文章结合某路基软土处理工程实例，分析了由载荷试验确定复合地基承载力的几种常用方法，提出采用相对沉降法来确定粉喷桩复合地基承载力，同时采用双曲线拟合法或回弹法来检验其方法的可靠性，以保证水泥粉喷桩处理软土地基的加固效果。