城市快速路出口匝道与衔接交叉口整合控制模型

在出口匝道接地点离交叉口距离过近时,为避免衔接交叉口的拥堵易回溢至快速路主线,提出一种基于CTM的出口匝道与衔接交叉口的整合控制模型.在出口匝道存在超长排队时,实行相位绿灯延长或绿灯提前激活策略;在出口匝道不存在超长排队时,以出口匝道及衔接信号控制交叉口车均延误最小化为目标,实时动态优化衔接交叉口的周期和绿信比.仿真结果表明:采用控制模型,衔接交叉口的车均延误虽然增加了1.74 s,但可以将排队长度从大于200 m降低至160 m以内,从而可以保证出口匝道衔接区域和快速路主线的畅通,因此,控制策略及模型合理有效.     

双向道路“分隔带调头口”排队模型化

在以往的道路分隔带调头口的设计中,多是采用经验做法,这不免存在缺陷。为了弥补这一缺陷,必须对调头口进行量化研究,用数学知识来描述调头口。排队模型就是个很好的工具,把调头口模型化,从理论上对调头口的排队性质与排队参数进行论述。基于排队模型的性质,系统的到达率与服务率是进行排队研究的基础。在调头口排队系统中,主要利用概率知识从理论上进行推导。在调头口排队理论基础上,通过实际交通调查即可确定调头口的设计长度,也可决定调头口是否应该采取交通管制。     

基于排队论的地铁站台设施客流延误分析

通过对地铁站台乘客的疏散过程分析,利用确定性排队论方法,建立地铁车站楼梯和自动扶梯设施的简化客流延误模型。然后,根据一组假设的数据,运用该模型模拟分析车站站台乘客在楼梯和自动扶梯设施处的延误状况。最后,采用敏感性分析方法,探讨不确定性因素对乘客在楼梯和自动扶梯设施处延误的影响。     

快速路出口衔接过饱和交叉口信号优化方法

高峰时段内,由于地面道路通行能力有限,城市快速路出口匝道方向的地面交通流处于过饱和状态,甚至造成出口匝道排队溢出,引起更严重的交通拥堵.针对该问题,本研究在出口匝道和地面交叉口设置控制信号,考虑地面道路的通行能力约束,建立双层规划模型优化该区域交叉口的控制信号方案.该模型的下层规划,优化每个独立交叉口的控制信号方案;模型上层规划,优化区域交叉口的控制策略.利用乌鲁木齐外环快速路出口匝道区域作为实例,结合Vissim仿真对该模型进行验证与分析.结果表明,双层规划模型的优化方案可以有效地防止快速路出口排队溢出及主线拥堵,在提升该区域的整体系统性能上比运用常规非线性规划模型的效果更好.     

基于排队过长的城市高速公路入口匝道控制策略

通过对城市高速公路控制策略的介绍,以及对城市高速公路主要入口匝道排队过长情况的分析．提出一种有针对性的基于排队过长的入口匝道控制策略,可为城市高速公路管理部门进行入口匝道控制提供一种有效的方法。     

交通事件下快速路拥堵蔓延消散时空范围模型

研究了交通事件下拥堵蔓延消散的时空范围分析方法与模型,交通事件引发的拥堵会以某一初始蔓延速度向上游蔓延,直至达到最大蔓延边界后开始消散.通过对事件下拥堵蔓延速度的影响因素进行量化分析,建立了时变的拥堵蔓延速度模型;然后通过收集处理数据,进行参数估计;最后利用实际数据,进行了模型的实例应用,对不同情况下的交通拥堵蔓延消散规律进行了研究.该模型可预测交通事件下的交通拥堵边界和持续时间,便于交管部门制定缓堵策略.     

An investigation of multiplier effects generated by implementing queue jump lanes at multiple intersections

This paper investigates the combination effects of queue jump lanes (QJLs) on signalised arterials to establish if a multiplier effect exists, that is, the benefit from providing QJLs at multiple intersections is higher than the sum of benefits from providing them individually at each of those intersections. To explore the combination effects on bus delay and total person delay, a delay estimation model is developed using kinematic wave theory, kinematic equations and Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, to investigate the combination effects in offset settings optimised for bus delay or total person delay, offset optimisation models are proposed. Validation results using traffic micro‐simulation indicate the effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed models. Results of a modelling test bed suggest that providing QJLs at multiple intersections can create a multiplier effect on one‐directional bus delay savings with signal offsets that provide bus progression. Furthermore, optimising offsets to minimise bus delay tends to create a multiplier effect on one‐directional bus delay savings, particularly when variations in dwell times are not high. The reason for the multiplier effect may be that providing QJLs reduces variations in bus travel times, which makes signal coordination for buses perform more effectively. From a policy perspective, the existence of a multiplier effect suggests that a corridor‐wide scale implementation of QJLs has considerable merit. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Combining driver response with cyclical queue optimisation over selected corridors

A case study located in Auckland, New Zealand, was used to quantify the magnitude of savings that may result if the SCATS adaptive traffic control system contains an explicitly combined queue estimation and offset adjustment on a cycle‐by‐cycle basis. A validated SATURN traffic model was used to evaluate five scenarios that represent the short‐run and long‐run efficiency gains resulting from progressive signal adaption with an objective of queue minimisation on the main corridors. Optimisation was applied both area‐wide, and on selected arterial corridors, using a combined split/offset optimisation routine with responsive driver behaviour to achieve a network‐wide and corridor‐specific efficiency gain. The modelling heuristic evaluates the efficiency of both the Equisat and P₀ optimisation policies that would mimic a more progressive adaption of signals under SCATS. Results for the long‐run area‐wide optimisation can produce network‐wide travel‐time savings in the order of 20% and a reduction in transient queues of 28% if only selected corridors are optimised, with a 5% reduction in journey time over an average 8‐min journey. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimating probability distributions of dynamic queues

Queues are often associated with uncertainty or unreliability, which can arise from chance or climatic events, phase changes in system behaviour, or inherent randomness. Knowing the probability distribution of the number of customers in a queue is important for estimating the risk of stress or disruption to routine services and upstream blocking, potentially leading to exceeding critical limits, gridlock or incidents. The present paper focuses on time-varying queues produced by transient oversaturation during demand peaks where there is randomness in arrivals and service. The objective is to present practical methods for estimating a probability distribution from knowledge of the mean, variance and utilisation (degree of saturation) of a queue available from computationally efficient, if approximate, time-dependent calculation. This is made possible by a novel expression for time-dependent queue variance. The queue processes considered are those commonly used to represent isolated priority (M/M/1) and signal-like (M/D/1) systems, plus some statistical variations within the common Pollaczek-Khinchin framework. Results are verified by comparison with Markov simulation based on recurrence relations.     

弹性分组环缓存容量研究

弹性分组环（RPR）是当前城域网发展的重要方向，是为了满足基于分组的城域网的要求而设计的。为了实现基于优先级区分的业务服务质量，弹性分组环采用了基于优先级区分的队列以及转发机制。与传统的队列延时研究方法不同，弹性分组环中的业务接入以及转发延时与当前网络中的拥塞状况密切相关。本文基于弹性分组环协议，建立了弹性分组环转发缓存和接入缓存的排队模型，对弹性分组环中的业务接入时延以及转发队列时延做了定量的分析计算；进而得到弹性分组环中各类优先级转发及接入缓存所需要的容量；利用仿真工具建立了RPR网络的排队传输模型，并进行了仿真验证。仿真结果和理论分析的结果非常接近，从而验证了所建立排队模型的正确性，能够为网络业务配置提供有效的参考；各级缓存容量的结论已经应用在弹性分组环的专用芯片设计之中。