Effects of Friends' Information Interaction on Travel Decisions

Many existing studies focus on the effects of traffic information from ATIS on travel choices. Research on the effect of friends' travel information on people's travel choice is uncommon, yet needed. In this paper, behavioral experiments are conducted to discuss what the effects of information interaction with friends can bring on individual travel decision behavior. The experimental results concluded that when the rate of friends' information interaction reaches 33.3%, the whole system is at an optimal level. Furthermore, users reach an optimum when the rate of friends' travel information interaction is 75%. The average time and cost per person is increasing when the whole system optimum transfers to the user optimum. Moreover, adjustments of departure time at the system optimum are more dispersed than at the user optimum, while travel choice changes are more concentrated.     

公路路基拓宽优化设计改进粒子群算法

考虑单位路段内的工程数量、公路占地、边坡稳定等因素,建立以最优造价为目标函数的路基拓宽优化设计数学模型;引入具有一定全局搜索能力和较快收敛速度的粒子群算法并予以改进,得到了基于改进粒子群算法的路基拓宽优化设计方法,并编制相应优化计算程序.最后结合算例,给出不同条件下路基断面的拓宽形式,同时,对比分析证明了该法的可靠和可行性.     

抗冰海洋平台的全寿命优化设计Ⅱ—算法与应用

针对抗冰海洋平台全寿命优化设计模型中的不同类型可靠度分析问题,提出了相应的计算方法,包括冰区导管架平台整体抗力和极值冰力响应的概率统计特性及整体可靠度的高效近似算法,基于首次超越破坏机制的海洋平台冰振动力可靠性分析,基于等效应力幅值近似计算的疲劳寿命分析等。最后,以渤海某抗冰平台为例,实现了全寿命总费用最小的抗冰海洋平台优化设计。结果表明,基于风险的全寿命优化模型比基于规范的静力设计和仅考虑动力的最优设计相比更加合理。     

有效性目标下的车辆最优维护周期

为准确确定有效性目标下的车辆最优维护周期,基于更新理论中的更新函数以及优化概念,分别建立了以有效度最大和以单位时间内总停驶时间最少为目标的2个最优维护周期数学模型。利用78辆某型商用车多年记录的运行故障数据和维修费用数据,进行了故障分布的参数估计和假设检验,在置信度大于0.95的前提下,确认车辆运行故障服从Weibull分布,并由所建模型解得车辆的最优维护周期里程为15617km。验证性分组试验结果表明:当二级维护周期取15122km时,车辆的有效度达到最大值0.9551;维护周期模型解与分组试验最优周期里程的相对误差仅为3.27%,模型的解准确可靠,符合实际。综合模型研究和实车验证性试验结果,最终认定有效度最大目标意义下的车辆最优二级维护周期为15000km。     

电动汽车用永磁同步电机永磁体最佳工作点分析

永磁同步电机应用在电动汽车及混合动力汽车上已经十分普及,不仅因为永磁同步电机具有尽可能宽广的弱磁调速范围,能够在电机最大功率不变的条件下提高电动汽车的起动加速能力及低速爬坡能力,而且永磁同步电机具有较高的功率密度比。应用在电动汽车上,更为有效地降低电动汽车的质量,从而提高电动车效率。     

石乌高速公路上面层Superpave-13沥青混合料目标配合比设计

根据现场原材料特性采用Superpave的设计方法拟定Superpave-13目标配合比,并对拟定的目标配合比进行SGC旋转、马歇尔和路用性能等试验,由试验结果可确定出上面层Superpave-13沥青混合料的目标配合比,并对目标配合比设计过程进行阐述。     

高速公路改建中分流路网分担量适应性分析

针对交通分流中定量分析较少、人为主观意识决策较多的问题,建立实时反馈的高速公路改扩建交通分流机制和分配模型,并以实际的高速公路改扩建项目为例,分析区域公路网交通分流情况,取得了良好的效果。     

基于机会约束规划的可靠性优化分配理论研究及应用

提出了一种基于风险管理的系统可靠性优化分配方法.决策者可以根据自己对风险的偏好程度,合理地分配系统各部分的可靠性指标并在系统性能与风险之间取得某种平衡,以使系统的总效用达到期望的最优水平.建立了基于机会约束规划理论的数学模型,对这一方法进行了合理的描述,并用蒙特卡罗仿真法求出了模型的最优解.文中用算例作了说明.     

倾斜坡顶黄土边坡垂直裂隙深度计算方法

垂直裂隙在黄土层中发育极为普遍，为研究黄土边坡坡顶垂直裂隙深度的问题，改进传统裂隙法中存在的缺陷，分别建立单裂隙与多裂隙滑动模型，并结合边坡滑动后垂直裂隙后壁形成的垂直张拉段土体自稳特点，采用极限平衡法对2种滑动模型进行受力分析，建立边坡极限状态方程；并进一步利用最优值法对方程进行求解，推导出黄土边坡倾斜坡顶垂直裂隙极限深度的计算公式。根据编写的计算程序，探究裂隙深度随不同影响因素的变化规律，并根据极限分析上限法及实际工程算例对公式进行验证分析。结果表明：单裂隙情况下垂直裂隙极限深度是传统裂隙法中深度的2倍，且该深度大小与坡顶倾角β取值无关；多裂隙情况下垂直裂隙极限深度的计算公式较为复杂，其大小与土体重度γ、黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ、坡顶倾角β以及地质调查参数L₂的取值有关；裂隙深度影响系数k_K随β增大而减小，随γL₂/c和φ增大而增大；滑动面倾角α随β和φ的增大而增大，随γL₂/c增大而减小，但β对k_K和α影响较小。采用极限分析上限法推导出的单裂隙和多裂隙模型中裂隙深度计算公式，与极限平衡法结果一致；其次对黄延高速公路沿线实际边坡垂直裂隙深度进行理论计算，计算结果与现场实测结果相对误差为3.76%，表明该计算公式的可靠性。     

Pricing scheme design of ridesharing program in morning commute problem

This paper examines the dynamic user equilibrium of the morning commute problem in the presence of ridesharing program. Commuters simultaneously choose departure time from home and commute mode among three roles: solo driver, ridesharing driver, and ridesharing rider. Considering the congestion evolution over time, we propose a time-varying compensation scheme to maintain a positive ridesharing ridership at user equilibrium. To match the demand and the supply of ridesharing service over time, the compensation scheme should be set according to the inconvenience cost functions and the out-of-pocket cost functions. When the price charged per time unit is higher than the inconvenience cost per time unit perceived by the ridesharing drivers, the ridesharing participants will travel at the center of peak hours and solo drivers will commute at the two tails. Within the feasible region with positive ridership, the ridesharing program can reduce the congestion and all the commuters will be better off. To support system optimum (SO), we derive a time-varying toll combined with a flat ridesharing price from eliminating queuing delay. Under SO toll, the ridesharing program can attract more participants and have an enlarged feasible region. This reveals that the commuters are more tolerant to the inconvenience caused by sharing a ride at SO because of the lower travel time. Compared with no-toll equilibrium, both overall congestion and individual travel cost are further reduced at SO.