基于灰色理论的大跨径连续梁桥施工控制技术研究

在预应力连续梁桥施工过程中影响最终成桥状态因素众多,为保证成桥状态符合设计要求,通过Midas/civil 2019建立平面杆系模型,分析某大跨径连续梁桥施工过程中挠度变化及受力状况,并在此基础上,通过灰色理论GM(1,1)模型对桥梁挠度变化进行预测。结果表明挠度预测值、实测值及理论计算值变化趋势一致,灰色理论预测可以有效减小误差,同时主墩截面实际受力与理论计算保持一定的规律性且误差较小。     

严寒地区高黏高弹改性沥青应力吸收层沥青混合料路用性能研究

为解决河北省张家口市北部坝上地区沥青路面反射裂缝严重的问题,以高黏高弹改性沥青应力吸收层为研究目标,通过沥青的常规试验和PG分级试验来评价3种不同的应力吸收层沥青结合料,并对3种沥青混合料的路用性能进行了研究。通过室内试验结果表明,高黏高弹改性沥青的常规技术指标要明显高于常规改性沥青,PG分级也高于常规改性沥青。与普通改性沥青应力吸收层沥青混合料相比,高黏高弹改性沥青应力吸收层沥青混合料具有更好的路用性能。     

桥梁体外预应力筋极限应力计算方法的评价与分析

根据现有的体外预应力混凝土试验梁数据,在理论分析的基础上对既有的多组体外预应力筋极限应力简化计算公式进行验证分析。通过对比分析可找出一组与试验结果吻合最好的极限应力计算公式。在此基础上再考虑现行桥梁结构设计的安全系数,可用以指导桥梁体外预应力结构的工程设计。     

Myopic loss aversion in the response of electric vehicle owners to the scheduling and pricing of vehicle charging

Upward expectations of future electric vehicle (EV) growth pose the question about the future load on the electricity grid. While existing literature on EV charging demand management has focused on technical aspects and considered EV-owners as utility maximizers, this study proposes a behavioural model incorporating psychological aspects relevant to EV-owners facing charging decisions and interacting with the supplier. The behavioural model represents utility maximization under myopic loss aversion (MLA) within an ultimatum game (UG) framework where the two players are the EV-owner and the electricity supplier. Experimental economics allowed testing the validity of the behavioural model by designing three experiments where a potential EV-owner faces three decisions (i.e., to postpone EV charging to off-peak periods for a discount proposed by the supplier, the amount of discount to request for off-peak charging at times decided by the supplier, and the amount of discount to accept for supplier-controlled charging) under two contract durations (i.e., short-term, long-term). Findings from the experiments show that indeed potential EV-owners perform charging decisions while being affected by MLA resulting from monetary considerations and the UG participation, and that presenting long-term contracts help potential EV-owners to curtail MLA behaviour and minimise cost even though the assumption of utility maximization is violated.     

桥面融雪除冰能量桩热泵系统换热效率现场试验

基于能量桩的桥面工程主动式融雪除冰技术作为一种新型桥面融雪除冰技术，具有环保、节能等技术优势。依托江阴市征存路观风桥市政桥梁工程，开展能量桩供热桥面板的换热效率与热-力响应特性现场试验。在桩基础和桥面板中分别预埋聚乙烯管作为换热管，通过水泵驱动换热管中的流体循环，提取浅层地温能供热桥面板；沿桩身深度方向和在桥面板中布设了温度-应变传感器，用于监测试验过程中相应位置的温度和应变。试验分析冬季工况下，一根20 m的能量桩供热20 m²的桥面板时，流体、桥面板、桩的温度变化以及桥面板和能量桩的热致应力分布。研究结果表明：根据现场试验条件，环境温度为-4℃时，20 m能量桩供热20 m²桥面板可保证桥面板表面温度始终高于0℃，即平均每延米能量桩热泵系统可保障1 m²桥面板不冻结；温度的改变使得能量桩和桥面板中产生热致应力，桩身最大轴向热致应力出现在桩深10 m （50%桩长）处，约为-1.05 MPa，为混凝土抗拉强度（2.0 MPa）的52.2%，桩身最大轴向热致应力的温度响应约为0.205 MPa·℃^-1；桥面板中最大热致应力为0.77 MPa，为混凝土抗压强度（26.8 MPa）的2.9%，热致应力的温度响应为0.086 MPa·℃^-1；能量桩上部受到最大正摩阻力为21.1 kPa，下部受到最大负摩阻力为13.3 kPa；试验结束时桩顶热致位移为-0.239 mm，约0.03%桩径。     

界面污染对沥青小梁疲劳性能的影响研究

为研究层间界面的污染情况对沥青铺面整体使用性能所产生的影响，采用由不同类型混合料复合而成的、含有层间界面的复合沥青小梁，进行抗剪强度试验和四点弯曲疲劳试验，以机油污染和黄土污染作为污染源，调整污染量，用于模拟施工过程中可能存在的污染情况，并对其在不同工况下的层间抗剪强度及整体疲劳寿命进行测定。试验结果表明：（1）就各类影响层间抗剪强度因素的敏感性而言，机油污染的敏感性要高于黄土污染；（2）同等试验条件下，随着污染量的增加，复合小梁的疲劳寿命显著减小，一定程度后逐渐趋于稳定；（3）在相同污染量工况下，机油对于层间粘结性能的影响要大于黄土污染对其产生的影响；（4）就弯曲劲度模量损失量而言，当污染量达到一定程度后，复合小梁的层间粘结性就会丧失。     

填石路堤强夯加固施工参数及路基动应力响应规律研究

贵州西部山区的高速公路常采用高填石路堤,强夯法是控制高填石路堤填筑质量的有效方法之一。为确定填石路堤的强夯加固施工技术参数、探讨强夯冲击能量作用下填石路堤内部动应力响应规律,通过现场试验和FLAC3D数值模拟进行研究。采用动土压力盒、位移观测元件,测试强夯冲击能量作用下的动应力以及夯坑沉降量、夯锤周边地表变形等数据,并将现场测试结果与数值模拟结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:在夯击能量3 000 kN·m下,强夯加固单点夯击次数为12击、夯点间距为4.5 m;强夯作用下填石路堤内部动应力峰值随深度呈指数形式衰减,并且根据动应力峰值的随深度衰减曲线,获得了夯击能量3 000 kN·m下填石路堤强夯有效加固深度为5.0 m。研究结果可为类似工程确定强夯加固施工参数及有效加固深度提供指导。     

湿H_2S环境中碳钢管道的硬度检测与风险评估

由于输送介质原因,大量碳钢管道面临湿H2S应力腐蚀威胁,应当有效防范碳钢管道的湿H2S应力腐蚀。硬度检测和风险评估技术均被用于某企业延迟焦化装置的管道检测。通过讨论存在湿H2S应力腐蚀机理且硬度、风险偏高管道的检测及评估结果,分析了高硬度、高风险的成因和控制措施。结论对防止或减少碳钢管道发生湿H2S应力腐蚀提供了有益参考。     

镍矿运输船沉没机理的数值模拟分析

近几年来,多条装运红土镍矿的船舶在南中国海倾覆沉没,引起业界的震惊。红土镍矿是一种非常特殊的矿物质,在运输过程中,如果船舶遭遇风浪,或船舶本身长时间的振动,都会导致该矿石的表面液化。液化后的混合液体具有较强粘性,可以形成自由液面。但由于现存的用于计算船舶自由液面的方法不适合于具有较大粘性的液体,因而无法解释运输该种货物船舶倾覆沉没的原因。所以,该文采用数学建模的方法,对运输红土镍矿的船舶进行了模拟计算。得出的结论是当流体的惯性力大于流体的粘性剪力时,粘性流体对船舶的作用力矩随时间的变化总趋势是逐渐增大。当流体产生的横向惯性力远大于流体的剪切阻力时,流体将会挣脱剪切阻力的束缚,迅速滑向船舶的一侧,使船舶的横稳性迅速消失,最终导致船舶很快倾覆沉没。     

Time-domain structural analysis during block turnover and lifting using 2D flexible multibody dynamics

Ship construction involves the assembly of several blocks on a dock. When a block is lifted using a crane, it undergoes deformation. Until now, structural analysis has been applied in a few cases to evaluate the stress on such blocks. Therefore, this study proposes an evaluation method for time-domain stress using 2D flexible multibody dynamics. We adopt the discrete Euler-Lagrange equation to achieve robustness during the numerical integration of problems that involve high stiffness. We formulate the equations of motion of 2D shell elements based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation, which is an efficient analysis technique for nonlinear and large deformation cases. We also derive the two types of kinematic constraints (ball and fixed joints) between the rigid and shell element, which can be attached to an arbitrary point. Based on the theories, we develop the program to build models, including 2D flexible multibody dynamics and several joints, and to solve the equations of motion efficiently. As a result, it is successfully applied to the dynamic analysis of the block turnover by a gantry crane and the block lifting by a floating crane. The von-Mises stresses that change over time are compared to the maximum yield stress and analyzed according to the wave direction.