基于多源轨迹数据的城市交通状态精细划分与识别

针对基于路段的城市交通状态分析方法的不足，本文利用公交车和出租车轨迹数据提出了城市交通状态精细划分和识别方法，实现城市交通状态分析.对两种轨迹点的速度值和空间位置值分别进行归一化处理，以此为属性数据，通过迭代计算轮廓系数确定k 值完成轨迹点聚类，结合二次处理方法对类簇进行拆分和融合以划分道路交通状态；在特征级建立多源数据融合方法，实现交通状态速度值计算；以归一化后的速度值为属性数据，通过聚类将样本分为4类对应4种城市交通流状态层级.实验表明，本文方法能够实现道路交通状态精细划分，能有效地识别出道路局部位置的交通状态，进而可为城市道路交通管理提供决策支持.     

State estimation in roll dynamics for commercial vehicles

Accurate lateral load transfer estimation plays an important role in improving the performance of the active rollover prevention system equipped in commercial vehicles. This estimation depends on the accurate prediction of roll angles for both the sprung and the unsprung subsystems. This paper proposes a novel computational method for roll-angle estimation in commercial vehicles employing sensors which are already used in a vehicle dynamic control system without additional expensive measurement units. The estimation strategy integrates two blocks. The first block contains a sliding-mode observer which is responsible for calculating the lateral tyre forces, while in the second block, the Kalman filter estimates the roll angles of the sprung mass and those of axles in the truck. The validation is conducted through MATLAB/TruckSim co-simulation. Based on the comparison between the estimated results and the simulation results from TruckSim, it can be concluded that the proposed estimation method has a promising tracking performance with low computational cost and high convergence speed. This approach enables a low-cost solution for the rollover prevention in commercial vehicles.     

Design of tyre force excitation for tyre–road friction estimation

Knowledge of the current tyre–road friction coefficient is essential for future autonomous vehicles. The environmental conditions, and the tyre–road friction in particular, determine both the braking distance and the maximum cornering velocity and thus set the boundaries for the vehicle. Tyre–road friction is difficult to estimate during normal driving due to low levels of tyre force excitation. This problem can be solved by using active tyre force excitation. A torque is added to one or several wheels in the purpose of estimating the tyre–road friction coefficient. Active tyre force excitation provides the opportunity to design the tyre force excitation freely. This study investigates how the tyre force should be applied to minimise the error of the tyre–road friction estimate. The performance of different excitation strategies was found to be dependent on both tyre model choice and noise level. Furthermore, the advantage with using tyre models with more parameters decreased when noise was added to the force and slip ratio.     

机动车交通流比功率与能耗模型研究

为研究机动车交通流能耗,将机动车交通流比功率(VSP)作为研究对象.从最常见的单车比功率研究出发,使用气体动力学交通流模型联系单车比功率与交通流整体比功率,以此建立交通流比功率模型.为使此模型具备更显著的物理意义,将交通流比功率分为两部分,一部分为平衡交通流状态下的比功率,另一部分为偏离平衡交通流状态导致的比功率变化量,模型中的交通流参数与变量能够通过现有的交通流探测设备获取.将比功率理论模型从单车扩展到了交通流,用数学公式反应了交通流状态与比功率的关系,并且证明了交通流比功率能够通过交通流参数进行估计.并由交通流比功率出发,推导出交通流比功公式.此外研究了平衡态交通流比功率及比功与密度的关系.为研究机动车交通流能耗探索了新的思路.     

城市交通状态的空间依赖性和异质性分析

有关城市交通状态空间特征的研究相对匮乏。从空间角度分析城市宏观交通特征,首先,针对城市路网几何形态和交通数据的关系提出适合于城市交通数据分析的空间模型。然后,以从长期的浮动车数据中提取的路段行程速度作为描述交通状态的实验数据,分别采用空间自相关和核密度估计法定量分析路网行程速度的空间依赖性和空间异质性,并分析其在典型时段的空间分布特征。结果显示:城市交通状态的关联性在空间上随着路段间距的增长而衰减;城市交通状态的空间分布特征随时间变化,受路网结构和区域功能的影响在空间中呈现集聚特征。     

基于集对分析的道路交通拥堵判定

基于集对分析原理提出了道路交通拥堵判定的新方法——集对分析法,给出了集对分析法的基本思路和交通拥堵判定步骤。该方法考虑了交通状态分级标准的模糊性,同时避免了差异不确定系数的取值,应用于成都市某路段交通拥堵状态的判定,结果表明,该方法概念清晰、结构简单、计算简单、易操作、可行有效。     

Coastal erosion and sea level rise: Implications for ocean beach and San Francisco's westside transport project

Abstract

One of the consequences of sea level rise resulting from the greenhouse effect is increased coastal erosion. This article discusses a model of erosion that can be used to estimate the response of beaches to sea level rise. The model is applied to Ocean Beach, California, with particular attention to the consequences of accelerated erosion for the San Francisco Westside Sewer Transport. Results obtained show that erosion produced by accelerated sea level rise could cause substantial damage to the structure. Large expenditures on beach nourishment will be required to protect the transport and the recreational value of the beach.     

当前公路管理段养护设备发展状况的调查与思考

探讨了公路管理段在体制改革过程中,机械设备发展的几种主要模式,并且对其进行了分析比较,总结了发展过程中的经验教训,提出了目前状况下机械设备发展过程中一些好的思路和做法。     

自锚式悬索桥主缆无应力长度的计算分析研究

该文基于悬链线计算分析理论,将自锚式悬索桥空缆状态,简化为受沿弧长均布的自重荷载与吊索处集中力作用的柔性索,对成都市清水河自锚式悬索桥主缆的无应力长度进行了计算分析。可为类似的桥梁设计和施工提供参考。     

交通状态检测方法的评价研究

交通状态是一个感觉量，在确定交通状态时存在模糊性，这给交通状态检测方法的评价增加了困难，至今理论上缺乏相关的研究。文中在评价交通状态的准确性时建立了基于用户的评价方法，解决了交通状态的模糊性带给评价上的问题。通过评价检测的准确性可以修正检测模型中的相关参数，从而提高检测的准确度，达到改进检测方法的目的。在综合评价中还考虑了检测方法的时间效率和经济性，可对多种检测方法进行综合评价。