研磨子对车轮不圆的修形作用

CRH_2型动车组装有车轮踏面清扫装置,其前端的研磨子在制动时可起到踏面清扫和增黏作用。通过调研及跟踪发现,装有踏面清扫装置的高速动车组车轮多边形出现的比例较小,当部分动车组出现车轮多边形后,在改变运行条件下,车轮多边形有减轻现象,说明研磨子对车轮多边形的发展具有一定的抑制作用。为研究研磨子对车轮不圆的修形作用,开展研磨子修形台架试验及修形线路试验。试验结果表明:通过研磨子多次作用,20阶多边形的车轮表面粗糙度由31?dB降为16?dB,研磨子对车轮不圆修形效果显著。     

不同轮轨型面匹配关系及其轮轨动力特性分析

根据轮轨空间动态耦合关系,对现有不同车轮踏面和钢轨型面的轮轨接触几何关系进行了分析。利用车辆/轨道耦合动力学原理,进行了不同轮轨型面匹配的动力学仿真分析,并根据仿真计算结果,提出了现阶段我国铁路重载运输最佳轮轨型面匹配建议。     

基于SOM的车牌号码倾斜校正

利用SOM神经网络的聚类特性,把图像字符坐标聚成2类拟合成一条直线,求得该直线斜率k,计算倾斜图像的旋转角α,把倾斜图像旋转α,进行水平倾斜校正;在垂直倾斜校正中,使用SOM神经网络聚类拟合直线,计算垂直倾斜角θ,并对水平倾斜校正后的图像进行错切变换,得到最终的校正图像.实验结果表明,该方法能准确地检测出图像的倾斜角,并具有较强的抗干扰性和应用适应性,为图像倾斜校正提供了一个新的有效方法.     

道路工程纵断面观测方法

坡度是道路设计施工的重要技术指标,阐述了道路工程纵断面测量的实用方法.     

MFB2带圆弧段凸轮优化设计

构造了MFB2带圆弧段凸轮型线,该类型线具有大的气门开启时面值。给出了型线的构造和设计方法.在机构动力学分析的基础上,建立了以凸轮型线时面值为目标函数,以气门落座速度、凸轮最大接触应力、凸轮最小曲率半径、气门活塞最小距离等为约束条件的动态优化设计模型。数值算例表明,该型线具有很好的充气性能及较好的动力性能。     

“双元制”模式教学研究初探

近些年来,我国引进德国"双元制"教学模式,使得我国汽车专业学校和企业的合作更上一层楼,因此对"双元制"职业教学模式结果的研究也在社会上引起关注。从三个方面来进行探究,分别是分析"双元制"职教发展概况,只有先了解什么是"双元制"、它发展如何,才能进一步熟知它的教学模式,二是德国"双元制"对我国高等职业教育发展的启发和作用,这是重中之重。三是德国"双元制"在汽车专业中的实践运用,引入一种模式之后必然在实践运用中才能证明是否正确。     

On model-based longitudinal feed-forward motion control for low velocities on known road profiles

ABSTRACT

So far, longitudinal motion control has focused on situations like highway driving, where disturbances of the road profile can be neglected. In this paper, we show how the Two Point Tire Model can be used to derive a novel feed-forward control law for a vehicle's longitudinal motion that considers the effects of the road profile and can complement existing control approaches. For this purpose, we recapitulate the basic model assumptions and equations and briefly discuss how it can be used on arbitrary road profiles. Two approaches for implementation in a real vehicle are presented. Comparisons of these approaches in simulation and to a human driver of an experimental vehicle show that the controller can deal with stepped obstacles of up to 14?cm in height. However, the control performance is essentially limited by the actuator delay and human drivers outperform the controller due to their ability of sensing subtle vehicle motions. The results indicate that the control performance can be further improved by using a preview on the necessary drive torque, which can be provided by the solution that we propose.     

铁路车辆承载鞍鞍面内弧半径测量系统的研究

阐述了用线激光三角法进行铁路车辆承载鞍内弧半径测量的方法,提出了一种可行的标定方案,通过计算得到测量系统的参数初值,并由此确定标定点的选取,通过三坐标机的探针在平台上移动来获取标定点的坐标,得到二维标定表,利用插值获得承载鞍内弧曲面的坐标,由此拟合出内弧轮廓的方程并来求得承载鞍的半径.     

Design of an optimised wheel profile for rail vehicles operating on two-track gauges

This article sets out an optimum synthesis methodology for wheel profiles of railway vehicles in order to secure good dynamic behaviour with different track configurations. Specifically, the optimisation process has been applied to the case of rail wheelsets mounted on double-gauge bogies that move over two different gauges, which also have different types of rail: the Iberian gauge (1668 mm) and the International Union of Railways (UIC) gauge (1435 mm). Optimisation is performed using Genetic Algorithms and traditional optimisation methods in a complementary way. The objective function used is based on an ideal equivalent conicity curve which ensures good stability on straight sections and also proper negotiation of curves. To this end, the curve is constructed in such a way that it is constant with a low value for small lateral wheelset displacements (with regard to stability), and increases as the displacements increase (to facilitate negotiation of curved sections). Using this kind of ideal conicity curve also enables a wheel profile to be secured where the contact points have a larger distribution over the active contact areas, making wear more homogeneous and reducing stresses. The result is a wheel profile with a conicity that is closer to the target conicity for both gauges studied, producing better curve negotiation while maintaining good stability on straight sections of track. The article shows the resultant wheel profile, the contact curves it produces, and a number of dynamic analyses demonstrating better dynamic behaviour of the synthesised wheel on curved sections with respect to the original wheel.     

兰新铁路第二双线穿越大风区综合选线研究

大风区段对铁路的建设及运营安全存在着各种危害,高速铁路由于具有速度高、车体轻的特点,其安全受到强风威胁会更大,高速铁路穿越大风区防风设置是世界性难题,目前尚无已成功运营的先例,高速铁路大风区综合选线需综合考虑防风设置、防排水、防沙、接触网防风等因素,科学合理进行方案比选研究。通过分析新疆境内四大风区分布及特点,利用既有兰新铁路设施及防风科研成果,对兰新铁路第二双线在穿越大风区段落综合进行选线设计研究,充分分析路基地段的防风设施设置以及线路平纵断面的防风布置选择,确保高速铁路在大风区安全、快速通过,以确定科学、合理的线路设计方案。