A new look at the external pressure capacity of sandwich pipes

Sandwich Pipes (SPs) have been developed to overcome the required flow assurance and pressure capacity issues in deep and ultra-deep waters. This research aims at studying the influence of certain structural parameters on the pressure capacity (also referred to as the plastic buckling pressure) of Sandwich pipelines. The use of high grade steel pipes, as the internal or external pipes, has also been considered as one of the design parameters in this study. Moreover, a comprehensive parametric study, considering a practical range of the parameters that influence the response of SPs (and considering 3840 SP configurations) was conducted. The results from this large array of pipes were used to formulate a practical equation, capable of estimating the plastic buckling pressure of SPs. The accuracy of the proposed equation was evaluated by comparing the results with the experimental and numerical results available in the literature. The comparative results demonstrated that the proposed equation could predict the buckling capacity of such pipes with a reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed equation was used, along with a general optimization procedure, to establish the most optimum and cost-effective combination of structural parameters for SPs suitable for use in various water depths.     

双层土水平受荷超长桩承载性状数值模拟

利用有限元软件ANSYS对双层土中超长桩水平承载性能进行模拟,得到桩土相互作用下土抗力及超长桩桩身弯矩及侧移。分析桩侧竖向摩阻力、环向摩阻力和法向土抗力沿桩身的分布和对承载力的贡献以及超长桩水平承载性状随荷载、土层相对模量比、桩长径比的变化规律。结果表明:桩侧竖向摩阻力、环向摩阻力、法向土反力沿桩环向呈不同的曲线分布规律,沿深度呈递减趋势,桩顶最大;在不同分层情况下桩身弯矩和侧移量随着土层弹性模量比的增大而减小;水平受荷超长桩存在有效长度和最优长径比;沿桩身存在反弯点和位移零点。     

使用氢气作为内陆水路燃料调查研究(英文)

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.     

矿物双掺对超早强修复砂浆性能影响研究

水泥道面在环境及荷载耦合作用下频繁出现起砂露石等病害,目前修复材料因耐久性差、环境污染严重,不宜大面积推广.针对上述问题,研究了不同比例矿物外掺料复掺对超早强修复砂浆工作性能、力学性能及耐久性能的影响.结果表明,矿物外掺料的加入延长了砂浆的可操作时间,降低了砂浆的扩展度;对抗折、抗压早期强度影响显著,但28d强度逐渐赶上普通修复砂浆;矿物掺合料的掺入能够明显改善和提高修复砂浆的抗渗和干缩性能.当粉煤灰和矿粉以2∶1比例复掺时,性能最为优异.     

相变材料对水泥混凝土性能的影响

为了研究相变材料对水泥砂浆性能的影响,选用石蜡、PEG600 2种常见相变材料作为研究对象,以普通粘土陶粒和天然多孔浮石2种轻集料作为掺加载体,采用抗压强度试验、等温量热试验和TPS试验,系统分析了相变材料的掺入对水泥砂浆强度、水化和导热性的影响.结果表明：轻集料性质、级配,以及相变材料对水泥的影响是导致强度降低的直接原因;轻集料导致水泥砂浆导热性降低,低掺量相变材料对导热性的影响不显著.     

全尾膏体触变特性实验研究

针对尾矿膏体流动过程中的触变行为,将其划分为剪切破坏及静置恢复两个过程,提出以触变量Δτ、触变时间te,结构破坏系数λ,以及结构恢复系数ξ等指标对其进行定量描述.通过不同条件下的恒定剪切速率流变试验,研究了剪切速率、膏体质量分数、絮凝剂添加量、静置时间等因素对膏体触变的影响规律.结果表明,尾矿质量分数、剪切速率,以及絮凝剂添加量对膏体触变均有不同程度的促进作用;在静置条件下,膏体质量分数越高,其絮网结构恢复速率越快.对试验现象进行了解释,并探讨了其工业应用的意义.     

二十烷@二氧化硅复合相变储能材料的热化学性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了正二十烷@二氧化硅复合相变储能材料.其中二十烷为相变主体材料,二氧化硅为基体材料,它能提供较强的结构强度,防止二十烷在熔化时发生泄漏现象.实验表明,在该复合材料中,二十烷不发生泄露的最大质量百分比可达到73％.使用红外(IR)、热重(TG)及差示扫描量热(DSC)等多种方法对该复合材料的结构与热性质进行研究.结果表明二十烷的亚甲基与二氧化硅的硅醇基之间有很强界面相互作用,可以改变二十烷的物理性质.该复合材料显示出与纯二十烷不同的相变特性,其储热能力高于二十烷,同时复合材料的热导率和二十烷相比有所增加.     

基于Jmatpro的高频感应弯板成型研究

针对有限元分析中缺少材料的高温物理性能数据问题,文中结合实例阐述了基于Jmatpro的高频感应弯板成型在数值模拟仿真中的应用。首先,介绍了一种新的钢板热成型工艺以及如何应用Jmatpro对45号钢的热物理性能进行分析并加以修正;然后根据高频感应弯板成型的仿真结果与实验数据进行了对比分析验证;为以后的焊接等各种热处理工艺和仿真提供了相关热物理参数和相应指导,具有一定的理论和实际意义。     

体积型缺陷管道评价方法对比分析

为了得到有效的体积型腐蚀缺陷管道的评价方法,通过对多种腐蚀管道评价方法进行对比分析,得到ASME B31G-1991标准与DNV RP-F101标准计算的鼓胀系数M3和M4比较适中,ASME B31G-1991标准与API 579-2000标准计算的流变应力介于AGA-NG 18标准与ASME B31G-1984标准、DNV RP-F101标准与PCORRC方法之间。同时,通过将试验爆破压力与上述评价方法的预测压力进行比较,得到对于中低强度等级管道可采用ASME B31G-1991标准,对于中高强度等级管道可采用PCORRC方法的结论。     

基于流变特性新拌水泥混凝土质量在线监控试验方法

为了达到在线监控新拌水泥混凝土质量的目的,采用改造的室内用水泥混凝土搅拌机,实现了在水泥混凝土搅拌过程中扭矩、转速数据地在线采集.通过改造的室内用水泥混凝土搅拌机,研究了新拌水泥混凝土坍落度与流变参数屈服应力和塑性黏度的关系,建立了新拌水泥混凝土坍落度与屈服应力和塑性黏度的关系式,得出屈服应力是影响新拌水泥混凝土坍落度的主要因素,可以用在线采集屈服应力数据来预测出机混凝土的坍落度,从而为在线监控新拌水泥混凝土质量提供了一定的试验依据.研究了新拌水泥混凝土坍落度与流变学指标扭矩的关系,建立了混凝土坍落度与扭矩之间的关系式,并得出了坍落度与扭矩之间的经验关系表,为在线监控新拌水泥混凝土质量提供了相应的试验方法.