青藏铁路运营卫生保障阶段效果评价研究

青藏铁路建设期的卫生保障工作取得了显著的成绩,运营期的青藏铁路卫生保障主要以控制高原病的发生和鼠疫的传播为主,铁道部及相关路局采取了一系列综合性卫生保障措施。研究从目标制度管理、职业健康监护、劳动卫生防护、医疗服务管理、站车卫生防疫、卫生档案管理、突发事件处理、监督考核制度八方面阐述运营卫生保障阶段实施效果,从卫生保障投入、卫生保障活动和过程及卫生保障效果层面进行评价并提出相应措施建议。     

三棵树车辆段TCDS系统运用情况分析

客车运行安全监控系统(简称TCDS)是用来实时监控客车的运行状态,并及时发现车辆设备存在的安全隐患,防止可能发生事故的监控系统。通过对哈尔滨铁路局三棵树车辆段连续5个月的TCDS监控报警数据的统计分析,找出各种故障发生的原因,制定了保障客车运行安全的有效措施,从而发挥TCDS系统保安全、保运输的重要作用。     

小线间距单渡线安全性研究

研究目的:因盘活闲置国有资产的迫切需要,某些城市的城轨交通线路工程,利用地下既有设施,因其线间距比较小,加大线间距困难,维持原有线间距将成为工程的首要选择。规范规定单渡线线间距不应小于一定数值。哈尔滨市轨道交通一期工程利用既有人防隧道工程,受限界限制,线间距定为3.4 m。根据要求,分别在两个既有站设置了3.4 m线间距单渡线。"小线间距"单渡线,在设计、铺设、营运以及养护维修等方面经验甚少,因此除了需要研究渡线结构安全性以外,还必须分析研究其在各种运行位置时脱轨或者脱钩危险性,确保列车安全通过。研究结论:(1)车辆通过3.4 m线间距单渡线时,转向架最不利位置的转动角度在转向架结构性能允许范围内。车钩最不利位置的转动角度、伸缩量在车钩结构性能允许范围内。(2)3.4 m单渡线侧向运行时不载客的情况下,车速不宜超过20 km/h;侧向有载客需要的情况下,车速不宜超过15 km/h。     

宁波南站上跨深基坑铁路便桥静态监测技术

宁波南站上跨深基坑铁路便桥结构形式为国内首创,在便桥下深基坑开挖的同时,须保证沿海铁路列车绝对安全平稳的通行,安全监测至关重要。本文根据该工程的现场实际和结构的特点,拟定了桥梁静态监测的具体实施方案、数据分析与处理模式,研究了该桥梁变形的规律,及时提供监测分析意见,为深基坑安全和信息化施工提供指导,为铁路便桥安全运营提供保障。这对今后类似的桥梁施工监测有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

我国地铁工程施工图审查现状及政策建议

地铁工程施工图审查是政府监管地铁工程勘察设计质量的一项重要手段。通过与建筑工程对比,说明我国地铁工程具有施工图审查机构数量少、全国范围承揽业务、审查费率低等特点;分析我国地铁工程施工图审查中存在的问题,如在制度执行中审查机构抗风险能力差、高度市场化易导致不正当竞争等问题。通过借鉴发达国家和香港地区的施工图审查制度和实施经验,提出当前我国地铁工程施工图审查体制改革的几点政策建议。     

地铁安全风险管理工作的实施与评述

根据城市轨道交通安全风险的特点,从技术和管理角度,介绍北京地铁9号线施工准备期及施工阶段安全风险管理工作的实施情况;对相关工程经验进行总结与评述,提出新建地铁施工中进一步加强安全风险管理工作的建议。     

基于一卡通应用的CPU卡安全性分析

通过对密钥管理、存储结构、数据控制、交易流程等方面分析,对比非接触式CPU卡和逻辑加密卡(M1)的技术特点,分析了CPU卡在城市一卡通应用方面较M1卡安全的技术优势,对CPU卡的规划、开发、使用有一定的借鉴作用。     

四轮驱动ABS控制方法的分析

以四轮驱动汽车为研究对象,分析了其在差速器锁止时制动防抱死控制过程所出现的问题,归纳总结了四轮驱动ABS控制技术的特点及对制动安全性的影响。     

How the cap limit for food-crop-based biofuels may affect France’s stakeholders by 2030? A range-based multi-actor multi-criteria analysis

From 2012 to 2016, the long-term signal in the biofuel market changed almost once per year, leading to a drastic decrease in investments and contributing to multiple production unit closures in France and around Europe. The European Commission proposed a new renewable energy directive that includes a 3.8% cap limit on the contribution of food-crop biofuels by 2030. Given the role of biofuels in green growth, the bioeconomy, and renewable energy incorporation targets, how will this measure affect the stakeholders by 2030? Will it lead to, contribute to, or hamper their sustainability criteria? This paper aims to contribute to this debate by studying the case of France. To this end, our methodology—the range-based multi-actor multi-criteria analysis—aims to (1) explicitly consider the stakeholder groups and their sustainability criteria; (2) evaluate and compare how the cap limit will affect these sustainability criteria whether or not advanced biofuels are deployed by 2030; (3) capture the uncertainty of the context evolution and biofuel capacity to fulfil the stakeholders’ sustainability criteria by means of a Monte Carlo. The results suggest that the cap limit is a double-edged sword for the stakeholders and their sustainability criteria. Shifting towards advanced biofuels while limiting the food-crop biofuels is the better alternative for most of the stakeholders. Nevertheless, given biofuel policy instability and the lost confidence of investors, such a shift may not occur by 2030. In such a case, this paper demonstrates that the cap limit may highly and negatively affect the stakeholders and their sustainability targets, whereas fostering French food-crop biofuel production at its full capacity level constitutes a better alternative. As no alternative is suited to all actors simultaneously, this paper also studies the strengths and weaknesses of these alternatives from each stakeholder groups’ perspective.     

Urban walkability considering pedestrians’ perceptions of the built environment: a 10-year review and a case study in a medium-sized city in Latin America

ABSTRACT

Numerous methodologies measuring walkability have been developed over the last years. This paper reviews the Walkability Index (WI) literature of the last decade (2009–2018) and highlights some limitations in the current approaches. Only a few studies have evaluated walkability in Latin America, mainly in big cities but not in medium and small-sized cities in the region, which present their own urbanisation dynamics, security issues, sidewalk invasion problems, and poor planning. Furthermore, most WIs in the literature use objective mesoscale variables to assess walkability in a given area. This paper contributes to filling these gaps by generating new evidence from a medium-sized city in Latin America to question if characteristics of the built environment encourage walking trips, as found in the literature, are transferable among regions. The study also proposes a novel index comprised of microscale and mesoscale built environment variables to assess walkability using virtual tools and considering users’ perceptions. The WI estimation relies on ranking probability models. The results of the case study suggest that subjective Security and Traffic Safety are the most crucial factors influencing walkability in these kind of cities, which is different from what is found in the literature from cities in developed countries where Sidewalk Condition and Attractiveness are the most important factors. Security appeared to be strongly associated with a subjective dimension, represented by the fear of crime or perceived risk for crime, instead of the actual occurrence of crimes. This result evidences the importance of the physical attributes of the real world and how they are captured, judged, and processed by pedestrians. Then, regional transferability of WIs needs to be done carefully. Finally, results in this paper highlight the importance of microscale built environment characteristics in the WI formulation in these cities. Results are in line with other research in some cities of the region, which found that microscale variables such as pavement quality and presence of obstacles on the sidewalks are relevant components to promote walkability.