大型三角闸门门缝输水运用条件试验研究

裕溪一线船闸扩容改造工程首次将三角闸门的应用口门宽度提高至34 m。为提高船闸的运行效率、充分发挥三角闸门动水启闭的优势,开展了大型三角闸门门缝输水运用条件试验研究。以三角闸门的水动力特性和船舶停泊安全为依据,研究提出裕溪新船闸大型三角闸门门缝输水的运用条件:1)三角闸门采用门缝输水应尽可能在1 m水头差以内开启;2)闸门开度应控制在1 m以内;3)随着水头差减小闸门开度可进一步增大。     

基于软件无线电的船用VDES调制解调的研究

船舶数据交换量的增加导致现有的船用自动识别系统(AIS)87B/88B VHF通信信道堵塞严重,数据的完整性传输受到现实的考验。为解决严峻的通信信道压力,甚高频数据交换系统(VDES)应运而生。文章基于软件无线电(SDR)技术,搭建基于Gnuradio软件及2块HackRF One硬件的软件无线电开发平台,进行16位正交幅度调制解调(16QAM),实现信号收发与处理,为船用VDES地面系统研究提出了一种可行性方案。     

Surf-riding and oscillations of a ship in quartering waves

The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.List of symbols c wave celerity (m/s) - C(p) roll damping moment (Ntm) - g acceleration of gravity (m/s²) - GM metacentric height (m) - H wave height (m) - I _x ,I _z roll and yaw ship moments of inertia (kg m²) - k wave number (m^–1) - K _H ,K _W ,K _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - K _p forces in the roll direction (Ntm) - m ship mass (kg) - n propeller rate of rotation (rpm) - N _H ,N _W ,N _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - N _P moments in the yaw direction (Ntm) - p roll angular velocity (rad/s) - r rate-of-turn (rad/s) - R(,x) restoring moment (Ntm) - Res(u) ship resistance (Nt) - t time (s) - u surge velocity (m/s) - U vessel speed (m/s) - v sway velocity (m/s) - W ship weight (Nt) - x longitudinal position of the ship measured from the wave system (m) - x _G ,z _G longitudinal and vertical center of gravity (m) - x _S longitudinal position of a ship section (S), in the ship-fixed system (m) - X _H ,X _W ,X _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - X _P forces in the surge direction (Nt) - y transverse position of the ship, measured from the wave system (m) - Y _H ,Y _W ,Y _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - Y _p forces in the sway direction (Nt) - z _Y vertical position of the point of action of the lateral reaction force during turn (m) - z _W vertical position of the point of action of the lateral wave force (m) Greek symbols angle of drift (rad) - rudder angle (rad) - wavelength (m) - position of the ship in the earth-fixed system (m) - water density (kg/m³) - angle of heel (rad) - heading angle (rad) - _e frequency of encounter (rad/s) Hydrodynamic coefficients K roll added mass - N _v ,N _r yaw acceleration coefficients - N _v N _r N _rr N _rrv ,N _vvr yaw velocity coefficients K. Spyrou: Ship behavior in quartering waves - X _u surge acceleration coefficient - X _u X _vr surge velocity coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r sway acceleration coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r ,Y _vv ,Y _rr ,Y _vr sway velocity coefficients European Union-nominated Fellow of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, Visiting Researcher, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering of Japan     

AMT控制系统结构及国外主要AMT产品介绍

介绍了3种AMT(电控液动、电控气动和直流电机操纵)的结构和工作原理：介绍了国外几种主要的AMT产品，如BENZ公司的Sprintshift、DANA和TTC公司合作开发的AMT-7、EATON公司的AutoShift、ZF和SACHS公司共同开发的ZF-AS Tronic等对以上AMT产品进行了性能特点分析：     

双离合器式自动变速器系统

双离合器式自动变速器是基于手动变速器发展而来的，其工作原理是通过将变速器挡位按奇、偶数分开布置，分别与两个离合器连接，通过离合器的交替切换完成换挡过程，以实现动力换挡。它综合了AMT的优势和AT动力换挡的优点，具有很好的换挡品质和车辆动力性、经济性，比较适合我国目前以手动变速器占主导地位的情况.     

AMT换挡品质的研究

电控机械式自动变速器（AMT）具有传动效率高、结构紧凑及工作可靠等优点。介绍了AMT换挡品质的定义及其影响因素，分析了几种影响因素之间的内在关系，并在此理论基础上寻求一种可获得最佳AMT换挡品质的方法。AMT按照其对发动机控制方式的不同，可分为柔性控制和刚性控制结构。     

存在饱和输入的欠驱动船舶航迹跟踪控制

针对控制输入存在饱和限制的欠驱动船舶的航迹跟踪问题,提出鲁棒饱和控制方法。以船舶纵向速度和艏向角速度为虚拟输入,设计饱和运动学控制器,并引入二阶滤波器形式对控制器进行简化;利用反步法并引入Nussbaum型函数,设计饱和动力学控制器,以实现对任意光滑航迹的跟踪控制,并保证跟踪误差收敛至零点附近的一个有界区域内。仿真算例验证了设计方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

瓦村枢纽下游引航道通航水流条件试验研究

为保证船闸口门区有利于通航的良好水流条件,采用整体定床物理模型对瓦村枢纽船闸下引航道及口门区通航水流条件进行研究。试验结果表明:受电站下泄尾水扩散及尾水渠出口右岸边坡挑流的影响,下引航道口门区水流流态较差,纵横向流速明显超标,不满足船舶安全航行要求。探讨了延长导航墙长度、扩挖尾水出口右岸边坡、增设隔流墩等措施对水流条件的影响,经模型方案比选及优化,确定了下引航道布置推荐方案,较好地解决了口门区横流较大的问题,使下引航道及口门区的水流条件满足船舶安全通航要求。     

营运船舶航行性能和海洋环境监测平台开发验证

EEDI是衡量船舶能效水平的重要指标.由于试验条件限制,目前主要还是依靠模型试验结果对交船测试进行修正换算得到.上海船舶运输科学研究所自主研发了航行性能和海洋环境监测平台,可对营运船舶开展长期跟踪监测,实时收集船舶营运阶段的航行环境和性能参数,通过自动识别航行状态,划分海区、海况和船舶载况等因素对于船舶功率与航速的影响,可获得营运船舶实际EEDI指标,提高EEDI实船验证结果的准确性.监测平台在某万箱级集装箱船进行相关验证,并已展开长期监测.     

基于航速调整的班轮燃油补给优化

燃油成本在班轮运营总成本中占有很大比重,燃油补给是影响航运公司班轮运营成本和效益的一项重要决策.基于航速调整策略,以班轮运营总成本最小化为目标,建立燃油补给混合整数非线性规划模型,运用分段线性逼近法对燃油消耗函数进行线性化处理,并设计了求解算法步骤.实例分析验证了模型和求解方法的有效性.结果表明,在航运市场需求低迷的情况下,船舶更适宜采取较低的航速,采取灵活的加油港策略或放宽船舶到港时间窗限制,能更为有效地降低燃油成本.